Lecture 6- Enzymes/Metabolic Process Flashcards
What is an enzyme?
A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst to speed the rate of a reaction.
Requires a certain amount of energy.
Catalyst can be used, but not used up.
How do enzymes speed a chemical reaction?
Enzymes lower activation energy of biochemical reactions by attaching to the reactants (substrates).
Enzymes do a specific job, and have specific shapes.
When the enzyme combines with the substrate it destabilizes the bonds, speeding up the reaction.
How do substrates bind to enzymes?
Enzymes only catalyze one or a few reactions.
They are specific because they have a particular shape that only fits particular substrates.
Enzymes have a binding site for the substrate called ….
The active site.
Induced fit is…
When the substrate binds to the active site, the enzyme changes shape to fit perfectly.
How are enzymes named?
Each enzyme has a unique name because it catalyzes a specific reaction.
The first part of an enzyme’s name is….
The name of the substrate.
The second part of the enzyme’s name indicates…
The type of reaction it will catalyze.
All enzyme names end in…
“ase”.
Polymerase
Why do enzymes need vitamins?
There are substrates that help enzymes do their job- either Cofactors (general term) or Coenzymes (specifically organic).
Vitamins are essentially coenzymes, organic molecules that…
Help enzymes do their job.
Vitamins must be acquired from…
The diet.
Cells cannot make them.
The rate at which an enzyme can bind to a substrate is called…
The turnover number
Maximum turnover number occurs under the ideal conditions for that enzyme.
Each enzyme has ideal conditions that include:
Temperature
pH
Substrate concentration
Enzymatic competition…
Occurs when more than one enzyme interacts with the same substrate.
Each enzyme converts the substrate to a different product.
The enzymes that “wins” is the one that is the most abundant at the time.
Each enzyme converts the substrate to a….
Different product
The enzyme that “wins” is…
The one that is the most abundant at the time.
Certain chemicals in the cell turn particular enzyme producing genes on or off depending on the situation called…
Gene-regulator proteins
Gene-repressor proteins
Decrease the amount of an enzyme made
Gene-activator proteins
Increase the amount of enzymes made
Molecules that attach to enzymes and make them unable to bind to substrates are called
Inhibitors
Some examples of enzyme inhibitors are…
Many drugs, pesticides and herbicides
Organisms obtain energy through…
Enzyme-catalyze biochemical reactions.
Biochemical reactions break chemical bonds, releasing…
Internal potential energy and heat.
