Lecture 6- female genital system (internal structures) Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
Internal female genital organs
A
Vagina
uterus
uterine tubes
ovaries
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Q
A
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Q
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4
Q
the Vagina is
A
- A Distensible fibromuscular tube.
- Copulatory organ of females.
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Q
The vagina courses
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posterosuperiorly from the perineum through the pelvic floor into the pelvic cavity.
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Q
The superior end of the vagina surrounds…
A
The cervix.
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Q
Internal end of the vag is enlarged:
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vaginal vault.
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Q
fornix of the vagina
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– 4 parts: anterior, posterior, 2 lateral fornices.
- Forms a recess around cervix
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Q
Vaginal canal:
A
normally collapsed.
* Opens inferiorly into vestibule.
➢ Posterior to urethral opening.
10
Q
Vagina relations
A
Anterior: fundus of bladder and urethra
Lateral: Levator ani, pelvic fascia, and ureters
Posterior: Rectouterine pouch, rectum, and anal canal
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Q
Vagina sphincters
A
Four muscles compress vagina and act as
sphincters:
Pubovaginalis
External urethral sphincter
Urethrovaginal sphincter
Bulbospongiosus
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Q
A
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Q
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15
Q
The uterus is
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- A Thick-walled hollow muscular organ between bladder and rectum.
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Q
the uterus consists of
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body (including fundus) and cervix.
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Q
The uterus joins the vagina
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inferiorly via cervix.
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Q
Uterine tubes project
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laterally from superior part of uterus.
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Uterine tubes open into
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peritoneal cavity adjacent to ovaries.
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Q
Uterine cavity is continuous with
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uterine tube lumen & central canal of cervix.
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Blastocyst implants into
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body of uterus.
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Q
Uterus expands into abdominal cavity during
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pregnancy.
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Q
A
24
Q
Uterus position
A
- Anteverted (tipped anterosuperiorly to axis of vagina) and anteflexed (flexed anteriorly to cervix).
- Lies over the bladder.
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Fundus of the uterus
rounded superior part of body of the uterusabove level of uterine tubes.
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the body of the uterus lies between
the layers of the broad ligament (peritoneum).
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Isthmus:
constricted section separating the uterine body from cervix.
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The body of the uterus has 2 surfaces
vesical and intestinal.
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The uterus body wall consists of 3 layers:
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
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Perimetrium:
peritoneum & thin layer of CT.
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Myometrium:
middle smooth muscle layer.
➢ Distends during pregnancy.
➢ Contains blood vessels and nerves.
➢ Contracting during birth to push out fetus.
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Endometrium:
inner mucous layer.
➢ shed during menstruation.
➢ blastocyst implants here in conception.
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The cervix is separated from the uterine body by
isthmus.
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In interior of the cervix is called the
cervical canal
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Internal os of the cervix opens into the
uterine cavity
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External os of the cervix opens into the
vaginal cavity
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The cervix has two parts
supravaginal – between isthmus and vagina.
Vaginal – protrudes into vagina.
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Uterus relations
* Anterior – superior surface of bladder, vesicouterine pouch.
* Posterior – rectouterine pouch, anterior surface of rectum.
*Lateral – broad ligament, cardinal ligaments, ureters.
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Uterine tubes extend from
superior end of uterus body to lateral pelvic wall.
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uterine tubes are approx.
10cm long
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Uterine tubes are enclosed within
mesosalpinx
(free anterosuperior edge of broad ligament).
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Infundibulum of uterine tubes
curves around ovary.
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Lumen of uterine tube opens into
peritoneal cavity.
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Role of uterine tube in fertilization
➢Receives oocyte during ovulation.
* Site of fertilization of oocyte by spermatozoon.
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Uterine tubes parts
▪ Infundibulum with fimbriae
▪ Ampulla
▪ Isthmus
▪ Uterine part
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Infundibulum with fimbriae
➢Funnel shaped distal end that opens into peritoneal cavity. ➢Fimbriae spread over the medial surface of ovary.
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Ampulla
➢Widest and longest part.
➢fertilization occurs here.
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Isthmus
➢Thick-walled part.
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Uterine part
➢Passes through wall of uterus
➢Opens via uterine ostium into uterine cavity.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Uvsf6kMtIg
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Ligaments associated with uterus
Broad ligament
= sheet-like fold of peritoneum covering uterus, uterine tubes, ovary.
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The broad ligament has 3 parts
* Mesometrium
* Mesosalpinx
* Mesovarium
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* Mesometrium
attaches to uterus.
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Mesosalpinx:
covers uterine tubes.
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* Mesovarium:
attaches to ovary.
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https://teachmeanatomy.info/pelvis/female- reproductive-tract/ligaments/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bf_sr2qRRWs
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reproductive function of ovaries
* Site of oocyte development
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Endocrine function of ovaries
* Secrete hormones
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Ovaries are __________ shaped and are located between ______
- almond-shaped
- uterus and lateral pelvic walls, inferior to pelvic inlet.
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Ovaries are attached by peritoneal folds:
Suspensory ligaments (contains ovarian vessels) which becomes continuous with:
➢ Mesovarium.
* Ligament of ovary – attaches uterine end of ovary to lateral angle of uterus.
* Round ligament – runs from lateral angle of uterus through inguinal canal.
* Ovarian and round ligaments: located within the
broad ligament.
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Ovaries develop on
posterior abdominal wall and descend before birth – drag vessels, lymphatics & nerves with them.
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The site of egg production (oogenesis)
Ovaries
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Mature eggs ovulated into peritoneal cavity from puberty– directed by fimbria into uterine tubes.
This results in
The surface of ovary becomes scarred
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ml29ezbvMuY
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Arterial supply of uterus
mainly uterine, also ovarian arteries
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Arterial supply of uterine tubes
branches of ovarian & uterine arteries.
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Arterial supply of vagina
superior part by uterine artery, middle and inferior parts by vaginal and internal pudendal arteries.
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Arterial supply of ovaries
branches of ovarian & uterine arteries.
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Arterial supply of ovarian arteries
originate from abdominal aorta.
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Arteries of internal female genitals travel
in suspensory ligament.
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Uterine, vaginal & internal pudendal originate from
Internal iliac artery
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Veins draining ovaries & uterine tubes
form pampiniform plexus in broad ligament near ovary & uterine tube → drain into ovarian vein (travels with ovarian artery in suspensory ligament) → right drains into inferior vena cava / left drains into left renal vein.
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Uterovaginal venous plexus:
Veins draining vagina and uterus form vaginal venous plexus, continuous with uterine venous plexus → drain into uterine vein →internal iliac vein.
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