Lecture 6- Gastrointestinal

Question 1

4 digestive functions of saliva

Answer 1

taste

lubricant

initiates digestion of starch

initiates digestion of fat

Question 2

major source of amylase?

Answer 2

parotid gland

Question 3

the parotid is a … gland that produces a …. secretion

Answer 3

serous

watery

Question 4

Where is the parotid (stensens) duct?

Answer 4

opposite upper 2nd molar

Question 5

the submandibular (whartons) duct opens…

Answer 5

beneath the base of the tongue

Question 6

what kind of secretions come from the submandibular gland?

Answer 6

mixed; serous and mucous

Question 7

T/F the submandibular gland is active at rest

Answer 7

true

Question 8

secretions from the submandibular gland include…

Answer 8

water, electrolytes, mucin

Question 9

amylase breaks down?

Answer 9

carbs

Question 10

when does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Answer 10

in the mouth

Question 11

the sublingual gland produces mostly … and ducts are found on …

Answer 11

mucous

anterior floor

Question 12

what are the 5 minor salivary glands that contribute to 5-10% of total saliva and harbor lymphocytes

Answer 12

labial
palatine
buccal
lingual (von ebners)
sublingual mucosae

Question 13

… glands have a complex secretory composition that facilitates contact with taste buds and rinses ducts of circumvallate and foliate papillae

Answer 13

von ebners

Question 14

T/F von ebners glands are involved in taste

Answer 14

true

Question 15

von ebners glands secrete …. which initiates …. digestion

Answer 15

lingual lipase

fatty acid

Question 16

T/F fatty acid and carb digestion begins in the mouth

Answer 16

true

Question 17

pH highly buffered … to…

Answer 17

6.7 to 7.4

Question 18

what is the most important mechanism in salivary fluid secretion

Answer 18

sodium potassium ATPase pump

Question 19

in salivary fluid secretion, intracellular Na is kept … , intracellular K is kept … and intracellular Cl is kept …

Answer 19

low

high

high

Question 20

In unstimulated cells, calcium levels are … and calcium activated K and Cl channels are closed

Answer 20

low

Question 21

upon stimulation, calcium … the Cl and K channels

Answer 21

opens

Question 22

Na leaks through tight junctions to follow…

Answer 22

Cl

Question 23

The acini are where … secretion takes place and it is H2O …

Answer 23

primary

permeable

Question 24

The duct is where … modification takes place and it it H2O …

Answer 24

secondary

impermeable

Question 25

what is the most abundant protein in saliva?

Answer 25

mucin

Question 26

mucin is predominately produced by ... and ... glands

Answer 26

sublingual and submandibular

Question 27

mucin is a .... rich protein

Answer 27

carbohydrate

Question 28

amylase is predominately produced by the ... gland

Answer 28

parotid

Question 29

amylase is packaged in ... granules

Answer 29

zymogen

Question 30

... initiates the breakdown of starch

Answer 30

amylase

Question 31

T/F mucin is produced by the parotid gland

Answer 31

false

Question 32

... is a digestive protein that is produced by von ebners glands

Answer 32

lingual lipase

Question 33

what are 3 immune-associated proteins in the saliva?

Answer 33

muramidase (lyse muramic acid in cell wall of bacteria) immunoglobulins lactoferrin (binds iron)

Question 34

T/F calcium binding proteins and growth factors are present in the saliva

Answer 34

true

Question 35

T/F parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems have a role in the secretio of saliva

Answer 35

true

Question 36

In parasympathetic innervation, the facial (7) nerve innervates which glands?

Answer 36

glands of palate and nose sublingual submandibular

Question 37

In parasympathetic innervation, the glossopharyngeal nerve (9) innervates which glands?

Answer 37

parotid lingual

Question 38

what components of saliva secretion are innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 38

acinar cells ductal cells blood vessels myoepithelial cells

Question 39

the parasympathetic system produces more of a .... saliva and the sympathetic system produces more of a .... saliva

Answer 39

watery viscous

Question 40

the key neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic system for salivation is ...

Answer 40

acetylcholine

Question 41

the key neurotransmitter in the sympathetic system for salivation is ...

Answer 41

norepinephrine

Question 42

mechanoreceptors in the ... and ... stimulate saliva production. they synapse in the ... and ... nucleus

Answer 42

PDL tastebuds trigeminal solitary

Question 43

... stimulation greatly enhances protein secretion (especially through .... receptors). this is mediated through .... signaling

Answer 43

sympathetic beta-adrenergic GPCR

Question 44

what autoimmune disorder can cause xerostomia

Answer 44

sjorgrens syndrome