Lecture 6 - non regenerative anemias Flashcards
nonregenerative anemias __ are minimal or absent and is often has normal __ and __ values (except iwth deficiencies like iron)
polychromasia/reticulocytosis, MCV (normocytic) and MCHC (normochormic)
are clinical signs of anemia present with nonregenerative anemias
absent or mild
__ can cause selective depression of EPO which cuases BM activity reduction and RBC maturation defects
systemic dz outside the BM (extramarrow dz)
inadequate or abnormal hematopoiesis due to __ causes a reduction of all cell types
primary BM dz (intramarrow dz)
what non-regenerative anemia would you expect to see only anemia (only RBC decreased)
extramarrow/systemic dz
List the humoral factors that support RBC production in BM
- EPO (kidney)
- Iron (liver)
- endocrine hormones (pituitary, thyroid, glucocorticoids, androgens)
Do you need to collect a BM sample to dx cause of nonregenerative anemia?
NO, can rule out systemic dz (renal/liver dz, inflammation, extramarrow cancer, endocrine disorder)
patients with __ renal failure are anemic, while patients with __ renal failure are usually NOT anemic
Chronic (>100days), acute
blood smear findings with chronic renal dz nonregenerative anemia
mild to moderate, normocytic, normochromic, nonregenerative anemia. serum/urine chem changes consistent with renal dz
what is the MOST COMMON nonregenerative anemia of domestic animals
anemia of chronic inflammatory dz
__ released with inflammation make the BM nonresponsive to EPO
inflammatory cytokines
most __ have infalmmatory components
chronic dz
nonifections -IM, neoplastic, toxic or
infectious - bact, fungal, viral, protozoal
The clinical signs seen with anemia of inflammatory dz are caused by
underlying dz, NOT the anemia (anemia will improve when dz is treated)
Cytokines released during inflammation cause __ to be stored (not available to make RBC) which impairs BM repsonse to EPO and shortens RBC survival
iron
blood smear/lab findings with chronic inflammation nonreg anemia
- mild to mod, normocytic/chromic, nonregenerative anemia with LITTLE OR NO Poikilocytosis (abnormal shaped cells)
- chronic inflamm leukogram
- hyperglobulinemia (intravascular hemolysis)
- decrease in serum iron
__ is a protein that binds stored iron putting it on “lock down”, the stored iron is found in what organs. __ is a protein that carries iron around the body but this is decreased with inflammation nonreg anemia
ferritin, BM and spleen, transferrin
What anemia looks similar to iron deficiency anemia?
nonreg anemia of chronic inflammatory dz
chronic liver dz causes
functional iron deficiency due to transferrin protein not being made by liver = iron can’t be transported to the BM for RBC production. Have the Iron just can’t use it.
blood smear/lab findings with chronic liver dz nonreg anemia
- mild to moderate, normocytic, normochromic, nonregnerative anemia
- Poikelocyte = Acanthocytes (uneven spicules)
- . low MCV or MCHC occationally seen (due to Hgb:SA ratio)
- serum/urine biochem seen with liver dz.
Poikelocyte seen with non reg chronic liver dz anemia
acanthocytes
__ and __ are common endocrine def in older dogs and can cause endocrine def nonreg anemia
hypothyroidism, hypoadrenocoritcism (addison’s)
hypoadrenocoritcism (Addison’s dz) causes def of what important hormones to RBC formation
glucocorticoids and minerocorticoids
nutritional deficiency that leads to RBC maturation defect anemia (less common, seen more in LA and with unbalanced homecooked diets)
- iron deficiency, more often due to blood loss than nutrition though
- trace mineral def = abnormal heme (copper, molybdenum, vit B6) and nuclear maturation (folate, cobalamin, cobalt)
hereditary defect in poodles where they have normal __ RBC
macrocytic (hereditary macrocytosis)
