Lecture 6- Nutrition Flashcards
What is reducing power?
Energised electrons that can be used to build new molecules etc.
How many kilojoules are in a kcal?
4.2 kilojoules
How many calories in a calorie?
1000 as the term calorie has come to mean that same thing as kilocalorie.
What is a kcal?
The energy required to raise the temperature of one kg of water by one degree.
How many units are in an oligosaccharide?
Three to twelve
What is fructose?
Single unit fruit sugar
What is sucrose?
One glucose and one fructose unit
What is lactose?
One galactose and one glucose unit
What is glycogen?
Multiple glucose units
What is maltose?
Two glucose units
What are the 9 essential amino acids?
If learned this huge list may prove truly valuable.
Isoleucine Lysine Threonine Histidine Leucine Methionine Phenylalanine Tryptophan Valine
What is a conditionally essential amino acid?
Essential at certain times for example during rapid protein synthesis. Eg pregnancy
What should you warn people about when it comes to a vegetarian diet?
Plants have lower quality proteins. May not contain all 9 essential amino acids so a variety of plant types should be eaten.
What type of fat could soon be banned?
Trans fats- increase shelf life of food but very unhealthy
Why are fats important?
Required for the absorption of fat soluble vitamins such as D and . Yield a lot of energy and provide essential fatty acids such as linoleum and linolenic which are essential for membrane synthesis.
Why are minerals important?
Electrolytes for ion gradients Calcium and phosphorous for structure Calcium for signalling Enzyme co-factors Iron for haemoglobin
What are the IV maintenance values of sodium, potassium and chloride?
One mini molar per kJ per day
What are the IV maintenance values for water?
30ml per KG per day
What is the term for having too much vitamins in the diet?
Toxic hyper vitaminosis
What does deficiency of vitamin D lead to?
Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Results in weak and soft bones.
What does vitamin B12 deficiency lead to?
Anaemia as it is required to make fully functioning red blood cells
Why cant humans digest cellulose?
Don’t have enzymes to break the beta 1-4 linkages.
How much fibre do humans require?
Should be 18g per day but average intake is much lower than this.
What can fibre deficiency lead to?
Constipation and bowel cancer
