Lecture 6 Nutrition IV Common Ailments in Clinic

Question 1

Finding the cause of a disease is paramount to the naturopathic method of investigating.

Answer 1

1. Take into account the client’s predisposing factors to illness or a triggering event/ cause
2. Uncover the individual’s lifestyle factors: sleep and relaxation time, exercise and movement, nutrition/ hydration, stress levels and relationships
3. Plot the information on a timeline

Question 2

To identify the aggravating and relieving factors always ask the following:

Answer 2

What makes it better/ worse

Time of day, month, year, period

Eating sleeping exercising drinking relaxation stress

Specific foods or beverages

Applying hot, cold, warm

Remedy or drugs

Question 3

Name three valuable pieces of information that food diaries provide

Answer 3

Balance of macro and micro nutrients

If food correctly combined

Hydration

If certain foods cause symptoms

Question 4

Anxiety disorder:

Cause

Answer 4

Stress life experiences
Chronic stress decrease parasympathetic impeding nutrient absorption (tryptophan)
Sugar, alcohol, caffeine, processed food

Question 5

Anxiety disorder nutritional treatment of

Answer 5

B-complex foods: whole grains, sunflower seed, fish, pistachios, eggs

Zinc- pumpkin, hemp seeds, cashews, legumes, whole grains, oysters, sardines

Vitamin C- peppers, broccoli, kale, cauliflower, tomatoes, strawberries, kiwifruit, citrus

Theanine: green tea

Question 6

Functions of Magnesium in treating Anxiety

Answer 6

Cofactors for GABA synthesis and serotonin-melatonin pathway

Nerve transmission

Question 7

Functions of Tryptophan in treating anxiety

Answer 7

Used for serotonin (mood regulator) and melatonin (regulates sleep/ wake cycle) synthesis

Question 8

How do B-complex vitamins aid in the treatment of anxiety

Answer 8

B6 helps facilitate conversion of glutamate (excitatory) to GABA (inhibitory)

B1 required for metabolism of aa use in neurotransmitter produciton

Question 9

Explain the role of GABA synthesis in the treatment of anxiety.

Answer 9

GABA synthesis

A decrease in nerve synaps lead to increase NMDA receptors for glutamate (increases anxiety)

Question 10

Functions of Vitamin C in treatment of anxiety

Answer 10

Need to produce cortisol

Co- factor in synthesis of serotonin

Reduces oxidative stress a factor in anxiety

Question 11

Describe the function of theanine in the treatment of anxiety

Answer 11

Blocks glutamate receptors, while increasing GABA (calming)

Increases serotonin and dopamine levels

Question 12

What other naturopathic advice may be offered in the treatment of anxiety

Answer 12

Exercise
Diaphragmatic breathing
Passionflower, lemon balm, chamomile teas

Question 13

Define Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 13

A metabolic condition whereby the body cells become resistant to the effects of insulin, leading to hyperglycemia.

Question 14

Bloating immediately after consuming food may indicate:

Answer 14

Possible low stomach acid

Question 15

Bloating 1-2 hours after food may indicate:

Answer 15

Possible fermentation of food associated with low pancreatic enzymes

Question 16

Bloating relieved by burping my indicate:

Answer 16

Suggestive of stomach or small intestinal problems

Question 17

According to Chinese Body Clock what organ system may be imbalanced if waking/ energy slumped during the following times:
1-3am
3-5am
5-7am

Answer 17

Liver
Lung
Kidneys

Question 18

Distinguish between glycaemic index and glycaemic load

Answer 18

GI- measure elf how fast and how much a food raises blood glucsoe

GL- measures bothe GI and how much carbohydrate is in the food

Question 19

Describe how exercise helps manage Type 2 diabetes

Answer 19

Increases release of anti-inflammatory proteins such as adiponectin

Increases GLUT4 protein facilitating glucose transport into cell

Healthy weight good for CV

Modulates expression of inflammatory mediators involved in insulin resistance

Question 20

Causes/ risk factors to type 2 diabetes

Answer 20

Alterations in microbiome

Stress

Persistent organic pollutants

Question 21

What supplements may be useful in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 21

Chromium, Magnesium, Omega-3 fatty acid

Vitamin D, Cinnamon, Green tea,

Question 22

How is Chromium useful in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 22

A component of chromodulin- a protein that increases sensitivity of the enzyme tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase facilitates insulin receptor activity allowing glucose cell entry

Question 23

How does Vitamin D supplementation help manage Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 23

Plays a role in the synthesis and secretion of insulin by activating transcription of the insulin gene

Question 24

Define polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Answer 24

A common metabolic and hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age and is a major cause of fertility issues.

It is characterized by insulin resistance and excess androgens

Question 25

What factors contribute to excess androgens and why

Answer 25

Insulin inhibits the liver’s production of SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) increasing levels of free (active) testosterone Insulin stimulates ovarian and adrenal production of androgens LH activity is disrupted and follicles do not mature

Question 26

In addition to nutritional guidelines outlined for Type 2 Diabetes what nutrients aid in treatment of PCOS

Answer 26

Mayo-inositol- Improve insulin sensitivity Decrease total serum testosterone and increase SHBG to reduce bioavailable testosterone Improves menstrual cycle regulatory, egg quality and fertility Spearmint tea- decrease free testosterone levels Alpha lipoid acid- Maitake mushroom- Contains proteoglycan that improves insulin sensitivity Fatty acids inhibit inflammatory COX-1, COX-2 pathways

Question 27

Define Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis and describe the relation between the two.

Answer 27

Hypersensitivity reactions where the immune system overreacts to an antigen

Question 28

How does an imbalanced immune system contribute to asthma and atopic dermatitis

Answer 28

T-helper cells TH1- target viruses, bacteria TH2- target allergens, toxins, parasites

Question 29

What factors may disrupt T-helper cell balance

Answer 29

Genetic, increase antigen uptake (intestinal permeability) and dysbiosis

Question 30

What foods are to be avoided in a simple elimination diet and how long should they be avoided

Answer 30

Cow’s milk, shellfish, eggs, soy, peanuts, wheat, rye, barley, chocolate

Question 31

What prebiotics are helpful in addressing immune imbalance

Answer 31

Chicory root, dandelion greens, garlic, onions, asparagus, flaxseed

Question 32

Additional supplements to address immune imbalance

Answer 32

``` Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Omega-3 fatty acids Quercetin Vitamins B3 and B6 Magnesium Ginger Turmeric Reduce red meat Zinc ```

Question 33

Respiratory Infections are usually bacterial or viral in origin?

Answer 33

Viral | Best to treat with rest, nutritious diet, fluids

Question 34

Nutritional recommendations for respiratory infections

Answer 34

Main approach is to support immune system, provide direct anti-microbials & aid in removal of waste products Mucolytics (garlic, onion) Expectorants Zinc, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, N-acetyl cysteine (breaks disulfide bonds in mucoproteins), reishi mushroom, shiitake mushroom

Question 35

PMS premenstrual syndrome, pathologically is associated with what conditions

Answer 35

Oestrogen excess Low progesterone during luteal phase which subsequently lowers serotonin Elevated prolactin (influenced by stress) Inefficient processing of hormones by the liver

Question 36

Cause and risk factors of PMS

Answer 36

Low magnesium and B6 Stress- stimulates cortisol from adrenals which decreases LH and FSH from pituitary disrupting oestrogen and progesterone Xenoestrogens- mimic oestrogen and bind to receptors to heighten activity found in plastics, pesticides, cleaning products, cosmetics

Question 37

Nutrients that help regulate PMS

Answer 37

Seed cycling: pumpkin seeds and flax seeds first half of cycle Sesame seeds, sunflower seeds second half to support synthesis of progesterone

Question 38

In relation to respiratory infections, N-acetyl cysteine is helpful because: Select one: a. It has a soothing effect on inflamed tissues. b. It increases production of immune cells. c. It has direct antiviral activity. d. It alters the viscosity of mucus to enable easier expulsion.

Answer 38

D

Question 39

Of the following, which is NOT a nutritional recommendation for Type 2 Diabetes. Select one: a. Avoid trans fats and minimise saturated fats. b. Focus on healthy low GI/GL foods. c. Include fibre-rich foods to slow the release of glucose into the bloodstream. d. Use artificial sweeteners instead of sugar to help balance blood glucose.

Answer 39

D

Question 40

Of the following, which is NOT a role of vitamin B6 in PMS Select one: a. Used in the production of GABA b. Alleviates fluid retention c. Needed for progesterone production d. Decreases luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 40

D

Question 41

Of the following nutrients, which does NOT play a role in GABA synthesis. Select one: a. Vitamin E b. Vitamin B6 c. Zinc d. Magnesium

Answer 41

A

Question 42

The TWO nutrients required for the conversion of T4 to T3 are Select one: a. Iron and vitamin B5 b. Iodine and calcium c. Zinc and selenium d. Vitamins A and D

Answer 42

C

Question 43

One method of improving immune balance in atopic disorders such as asthma is to Select one: a. Increase intake of selenium-rich foods such as Brazil nuts. b. Increase dietary intake of omega-6 fatty acids. c. Consume passionflower or lemon balm tea. d. Improve microflora colonization with prebiotic and probiotic foods.

Answer 43

D

Question 44

Theanine is found in. Select one: a. Green tea b. Passionflower tea c. Lemon balm tea d. Chamomile tea

Answer 44

A

Question 45

Of the following herbal teas the MOST suitable for someone with PCOS is Select one: a. Lemon balm b. Spearmint c. Chamomile d. Valerian

Answer 45

B

Question 46

Chromium plays a specific role in. Select one: a. Reducing glutamate activity. b. Enhancing serotonin production. c. Supporting insulin receptor activity. d. Balancing oestrogen and progesterone.

Answer 46

C

Question 47

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to quercetin. Select one: a. Is particularly abundant in animal foods. b. Decreases development of lesions in atopic dermatitis. c. Reduces inflammation and inhibits histamine release. d. Reduces airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness in asthma.

Answer 47

A