lecture 6 test 2

Question 1

Important inorganic compounds

Answer 1

1.Water(Biochemical reactions occur here, transport molecules)
2.Oxygen(releases energy from nutrients and drives the cells metabolism)
3.Carbon dioxide(releases as waste product)
4.Salts(Provides the body with necessary ions)

Question 2

Calcium ions

Answer 2

1.necessary for bone tissue and blood clotting

Question 3

Chloride ions

Answer 3

1.Extracellular negatively charged ion

Question 4

Hydrogen ions

Answer 4

ph of the internal environment

Question 5

magnesium ions

Answer 5

component of bone tissue

Question 6

phosphate ions

Answer 6

synthesis of ATP

Question 7

Potassium ions

Answer 7

required for polarization of cell membranes

Question 8

Properties of water

Answer 8

1. it is a polar molecule (electrons are not shared equally)
   2.it can form hydrogen bonds
2. ionically bound substances dissociate in water
   4.substances that release ions in water called electrolytes

Question 9

The pH scale

Answer 9

1.pH of 7 is neutral with equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
2.pH of 0 to <7 is acidic so more hydrogen ions
3.pH of >7 to 14 is basic or alkaline because more hydroxide

Question 10

Buffers are chemicals that combine with excess acids or bases to…

Answer 10

help minimize pH changes in body fluids

Question 11

Acidosis

Answer 11

if pH of blood falls below 7.35

Question 12

alkalosis

Answer 12

if pH of blood rises above 7.45

Question 13

Lipids are..

Answer 13

organic substances that are insoluble in water

Question 14

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 14

1.those with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

Question 15

Steroids

Answer 15

1.Complex 4 carbon ring, cholesterol is really important steroid

Question 16

Proteins

Answer 16

1.Organic compounds made of C, O, H,N some contain suflir

Question 17

proteins consist of building blocks called ..

Answer 17

amino acids

Question 18

most living organisms have..

Answer 18

20 different amino acids making up their proteins

Question 19

Amino acids consist of?

Answer 19

1.Carboxyl group
2.Amino group
3.side chain called the R group

Question 20

Primary structure protein:

Answer 20

the sequence of amino acids

Question 21

Secondary structure protein

Answer 21

pleated or twisted coil structure , resulting from hydrogen bonds between amino acids

Question 22

Tertiary structure protein

Answer 22

folders structure due to attractions between amino acids

Question 23

Quaternary structure protein

Answer 23

another structure found only in proteins consisting of more than one polypeptide chain

Question 24

Nucleotide

Answer 24

1.5 carbon sugar
2.A phosphate group
3.one of five nitrogenous bases

Question 25

5 components of nucleotides?

Answer 25

1.adenine 2.guanine 3.cytosine 4.thymine 5.uracil

Question 26

Dna

Answer 26

Only : 1.Adenine 2.Guanine 3.Cytosine 4.Thymine

Question 27

Rna

Answer 27

Only: 1.Adenine 2.Guanine 3.Cytosine 4.Uracil

Question 28

Carbohydrates

Answer 28

Building block: Monosaccharide Function: provide energy, cell structure Examples: Glucose, sucrose, glycogen

Question 29

Lipids

Answer 29

Building block: Glycerol and fatty acids Functions: Provide energy and cell structure Exampels: Fats, cholesterol

Question 30

Proteins

Answer 30

Building block:amino acids Functions: cell structure , enzymes and energy examples: albumins, hemoglobin

Question 31

Nucleic acids

Answer 31

Building block:Nucleotides Functions:Stores information for protein synthesis, controls cell activities Examples:RNA DMA