lecture 6_pg.11-18

Question 1

acclimation

Answer 1

increased tolerance to stress and/or improved plant performance as a result of structural and physiological adjustment by individual plants to specific environmental conditions

Question 2

adaption

Answer 2

evolutionary adjustment of the genetic basis of a trait that enhances the performance in a specific environment

Question 3

thylakoid

Answer 3

photosynthetic membrane suspended in the stroma in chloroplasts; it encloses a lumen and contains the photosynthetic pigments, electron-transport chain components and ATP-synthase

Question 4

light reaction

Answer 4

transfer of energy from absorbed light to ATP and NADP(H) in the photosynthetic membrane (thylakoid)

Question 5

dark reaction

Answer 5

carbon fixation during photosynthesis; does not directly require light but uses the products of the light reaction

Question 6

photosystem

Answer 6

unit comprising pigments and proteins where the excitation energy derived from absorbed photons is transferred to an electron; there are 2 types of photosystems (I & II) that embedded in the photosynthetic membrane (thylakoid)

Question 7

D1/D2 proteins

Answer 7

N/A

Question 8

light harvesting complex (LHC)

Answer 8

complex of molecules of chlorophyll, accessory pigments, and proteins in the thylakoid membrane that absorbs quanta and transfer the excitation energy to the reaction center of one of the photosystems

Question 9

atrazine

Answer 9

N/A

Question 10

absorption spectrum

Answer 10

N/A

Question 11

photochemistry

Answer 11

N/A

Question 12

fluorescence

Answer 12

photons emitted when excited electrons return to the ground state

Question 13

electrochemical potential gradient

Answer 13

N/A

Question 14

proton-motive force

Answer 14

driving force across cell membranes due to a membrane potential and/or proton gradient

Question 15

proton co-transport

Answer 15

transport mechanism that allows movement of a compound against the electrochemical gradient for the molecule, using the proton-motive force

Question 16

ATPase

Answer 16

enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of ATP, producing ADP and Pi; the energy from this hydrolysis is used to pump protons across a membrane (e.g., plasma membrane, tonoplast), thus geenrating an electrochemical gradient

Question 17

ATP synthase

Answer 17

enzyme complex in the inner membrane of mitochondria and the thylakoid membrane ofchloroplasts catalyzing the formation of ATP, driven by the proton-motive force

Question 18

linear electron transport

Answer 18

N/A

Question 19

cyclic electron transport

Answer 19

N/A

Question 20

RuBP

Answer 20

ribulose-1,5-biphosphate

Question 21

Rubisco

Answer 21

ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; enzyme catalyzing the primary step in the Calvin cycle, the attachment of CO2 to the CO2-acceptor molcule RuBP; also catalyzes the oxygenation of RubBP

Question 22

C3 photosynthesis

Answer 22

photosynthetic pathway in which the first step of CO2 assimilation is the carboxylation of RuBP by Rubisco; the first product is phosphoglyceric acid (PGA), a three-carbon intermediate

Question 23

Calvin cycle (Calvin-Benson cycle, carbon reduction cycle)

Answer 23

pathway of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation beginning with carboxylation of RuBP by Rubisco

Question 24

carboxylation

Answer 24

binding of CO2 molecule to a CO2-acceptor molecule

Question 25

carboxylation efficiency

Answer 25

initial slope of the CO2-response curve of photosynthesis

Question 26

oxygenation

Answer 26

the binding of O2 to a substrate, without changing the redox state of O (e.g., RuBP by Rubisco); it also refers to the additon of O2 to a medium (e.g., water)

Question 27

glycine

Answer 27

N/A

Question 28

photorespiration

Answer 28

production of CO2 in the metabolic pathway that metabolizes the products of the oxygenation reaction catalyzed by Rubisco

Question 29

An-Cc curve

Answer 29

N/A

Question 30

CO2-compensation point

Answer 30

CO2 concentration at which the rate of CO2 assimilation by photosynthesis is balanced by the rate of CO2 production by respiration

Question 31

CO2 limited region/RuBP saturated

Answer 31

N/A

Question 32

RuBP limited region

Answer 32

N/A