Lecture 7 Flashcards
_________ ________: not an organ system but a cell population that inhabits all organs and defends the body from agents and disease
immune system
Cell populations of immune system are especially concentrated in the TRUE organ system: _________ _____________
Lymphatic System
Lymphatic System
- network of _____ and vein-like vessels that recover _______ that was unrecovered from __________ filtrate
- inspect it for ________ agents
- _________ immune responses
- return fluid to the ____________
- organs; fluid; capillary
- disease
- activate
- bloodstream
_________: fluid, similar to _______, very little _______ (essentially extracellular fluid–> called _____ when it enters lymphatic capillary/vessel)
- chemical composition varies in difference places (in intestines–> more ________ from _____ absorption, after _____ ______–> more lymph cells)
Lymph; plasma; protein; lymph
- creamy; fat; lymph nodes
- ________ ___________: transport lymph and mechanisms of flow similar to ________ return
- ________ __________: composed of aggregates (collections) of ___________ and ___________ that populate many organs in the body
- __________ ________: defense cells are especially concentrated in these organs
- separated from surrounding organs by connective tissue __________
- lymphatic vessels; venous
- lymphatic tissue; lymphocytes; macrophages
- lymphatic organs; capsule
Lymphatic System Functions
1.
2.
3.
- Fluid Recovery
- Immunity
- Lipid Absorption
Lymphatic System: Fluid Recovery
- fluid continually filters from the blood capillaries into the tissue spaces
- blood capillaries reabsorb _____%
- ____% (2 to 4 L/day) of the ______ and about _____ of the plasma proteins enter the lymphatic system and then are returned to the blood
- 85%
- 15%; water; half
Lymphatic System: Immunity
- excess filtered fluid picks up ______ cells and _______ from the tissues
- fluid passes through ______ _______ where immune cells stand guard against foreign matter
- activates a ________ _______ _________ if needed
- foreign; chemicals
- lymph nodes
- protective immune response
Lymphatic System: Lipid Absorption
- in _____ __________ lymphatic vessels are found and _________ (lymphatic capillary) are found in vili
- broken down dietary fats= ___________ which are packaged by ______ __________ and are released from the basal cell membrane by __________ and enter the ________ of the villus
- small intestine; lacteal
- chylomicron; Golgi complex; exocytosis; lacteal
Lymphatic capillaries use _______ _________ in order to be stable within tissue
anchoring filaments
Collecting lymphatic vessels drain into the _________ ________
subclavian veins
________ _________= lymphatics of the brain
Glymphatic system
Flow of Lymph- similar to the venous return
- lymph flows at ______ pressure and _______ speed than venous blood (no involved of heart pump)
- moved along by rhythmic __________ of lymphatic vessels
- stretching of vessels stimulates __________
- flow aided by _______ __________ ________
- arterial pulsation rhythmically _______ lymphatic vessels
- ___________ ______ aids flow from abdominal to thoracic cavity
- _________ prevent backward flow
- rapidly flowing blood in ___________ _______, draw lymph into it
- __________ significantly increase lymphatic return
- low; slow
- contractions
- contraction
- skeletal muscle pump
- squeezes
- thoracic pump
- valves
- subclavian veins
- exercise
Lymphatic Cells
- ___________: antibacterial
- ________ _______ _______: large lymphocytes that attack and destroy __________, _________ ________, _____ cells infected with viruses or that have turned ___________
- neutrophils
- natural killer (NK) cells; bacteria; transplanted tissue; host; cancerous
Lymphatic Cells
- ___ _____________: mature in thymus
- _____ ___________: activation causes proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells that can produce _____________
- T lymphocytes (T cells)
- B lymphocytes (B cells); antibodies
Lymphatic Cells
- __________ _______: _________, mobile _____ found in ____________, ______ __________, and ________ _______
- alert immune system to pathogens that have breached the ______ ________
- dendritic cells; branched; APCs (antigen-presenting cells) ; epidermis; mucous membranes; lymphatic organs
- body surface
Lymphatic Cells
- _______ ___________: ________ stationary cells that contribute to the _________ of a lymphatic organ
- reticular cells; branched; stroma
______________
- phagocytic cells of connective tissue
- develop from _________ or other ____________
- phagocytize ______,________,_______ ________, _____ _______
- ________-_________ cell
Macrophages
- monocytes; macrophages
- debris; bacteria; dead neutrophils; foreign matter
- antigen-presenting
___________________: aggregations of lymphocytes in the connective tissues of mucous membranes and various organs
lymphatic (lymphoid) tissue
_______________: simplest form of lymphatic tissue
- lymphocytes are scattered- prevalent in body passages open to the exterior
- __________, ___________, _________, and __________ tracts
- ___________________ (MALT)
diffuse lymphatic tissue
- respiratory; digestive; urinary; reproductive
- Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
____________ ________ (tissue): dense masses of lymphocytes and macrophages that congregate in response to pathogens- transient as pathogens are neutralized
- feature of the ______ _______, ________, and _________
- _________ _________ _______: dense clusters in the ileum, the distal portion of the small intestine (_________ _________)
lymphatic nodule
- lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix
- aggregated lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s Patches)
Lymphatic Organs:
- Primary lymphatic organs
1.
2.
- Secondary lymphatic organs
1.
2.
3.
- Red bone marrow
- ## Thymus
- Lymph nodes
- Tonsils
- Spleen
Primary lymphatic organs
- Red bone marrow & thymus
- site where ___ and ____ cells become ____________: able to recognize and respond to ____________
- T; B; immunocompetent; antigens
Secondary Lymphatic organs:
- lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen
- _______________ cells populate these tissues
- very mature
- immunocompetent
