Lecture 7

Question 1

Tib fib standard projections

Answer 1

Ap lateral

Question 2

Ankle standards projections

Answer 2

Ap
Lateral
Mortise

Question 3

Foot standards projections

Answer 3

Dp
Oblique
Lateral if problem seen

Question 4

Calcaneum standards projections

Answer 4

Axial
Lateral

Question 5

Gross anatomy of lower leg

Answer 5

Popliteal fossa to tarsal tunnel
Major nerves and vessels pass through them
Bones and muscles into 3 compartments C- anterior lateral posterior

Question 6

Structure of tibia

Answer 6

Proximal - condyles
Shaft
Distal - medial malleolus and notch

Question 7

Fibula structure

Answer 7

Proximal - condyles
Shaft
Distal - lateral malleolus

Question 8

Tib vs fib

Answer 8

Tibia larger, stronger, WB
triangular cross section and flattens distal to articulate with talus
Fibula enlarged distal and has muscle attachments

Question 9

Fibula muscle attachments

Answer 9

Fibularis longous
Fibularis brevis
Fibularis tertius

Question 10

Articulation in lower leg

Answer 10

Bony ring
Interosseous membrane
Proximal is knee - hinge
Distal is ankle - functional hinge with saddle elements

Question 11

Ankle joint structure

Answer 11

Mortise joint
Distal tib fib
Medial lateral malleolus
Talar dome
Bony ring
Ligaments

Question 12

Lateral ankle ligaments

Answer 12

5 components
Injured in inversion injury

Question 13

Medial ligaments ankle

Answer 13

4 components
Prevents over rotation

Question 14

What is forefoot made of

Answer 14

Phalanges and metatarsal

Question 15

What is midfoot made of

Answer 15

Cuneiform cuboid and navicular

Question 16

What is hindfoot made of

Answer 16

Talus, calcaneum

Question 17

What joints separate mid and hindfoot

Answer 17

Chopart

Question 18

Talus structure

Answer 18

Head, neck, body (join tib fib)
Dome has hyaline cartilage
No muscle tendon attach
Prone vascular necrosis if fractured

Question 19

What makes subtalar joint

Answer 19

Inferior articular facet of talus and calcaneum

Question 20

Calcaneum description

Answer 20

Short bone
Weight bearing
Largest tarsal

Question 21

Weber type a fracture

Answer 21

Lateral malleolus fracture
Below syndesmosis
Transverse
Can involve medial malleolus

Question 22

Weber type B fracture

Answer 22

Lateral malleolus fracture
Level of syndesmosis
Spiral
Syndesmosis usually intact but widening of joint can show injury
Deloid ligament injury

Question 23

Weber b subtypes

Answer 23

B1 left malleolus
B2 medial malleolus involved
B3 medial malleolus and ligaments involved and postetolateral tibia fracture

Question 24

Weber type c fracture

Answer 24

Lateral malleolus fracture
Above syndesmosis
Disrupted widens joint
Medial malleolus often fracture
Deltoid ligament disrupts often

Question 25

What is orif

Answer 25

Open reduction internal fixation

Question 26

What is multiple hyperostosis

Answer 26

Multiple benign tumours grow on bones

Question 27

Why were ottowa foot and ankle rule made

Answer 27

95% of patients with ankle injuries had cray and 85% no fracture

Question 28

When is ankle or foot xray justified according to ottowa

Answer 28

Only do ankle if pain in malleolar zone or BT and can’t weight bear Do foot if pain in mid zone or BT and can’t weight bear