Lecture 7

Question 1

Affective Aspects?

Answer 1

• Also about how to design interactive systems that 1. convey emotional state and 2. elicit certain kinds of emotional responses in users, such as feeling at ease, comfort, motivated, and happiness

Question 2

Another word for affective design?

Answer 2

Emotional design

Question 3

Emotional design?

Answer 3

• Enabling technologies to give the impression of having emotions
• Designing interactive systems which evoke positive human emotions

Question 4

Affective qualities?

Answer 4

Title, shape, structure, texture, menu, main images, and color (Zhang and Li)
Bright, tense, strong, deluxe, popular, adorable, colorful, simple, classic, futuristic, mystic, and hopeful (Kim, Lee and Choi)

Question 5

Three levels of Processing

Answer 5

• Visceral level: rapid judgments of whats good/bad
• Behavioral level: control everyday behavior
• Reflective level: reflects upon the behavioral level

Question 6

Visceral Design, is all about?

Answer 6

Emotional impact! Powerful emotional signals from the environment

Question 7

Behavioral Design is about…?

Answer 7

Use and performance

Question 8

What are the components of behavioral design? (4)

Answer 8

• Function: identity needs to fulfill
• Understandability: Establish a proper conceptual model
• Usability: How well does the product perform?
• Physical feel: Interaction between sensory systems and the environment

Question 9

Reflective design is what?

Answer 9

Message, culture, meaning of the product. The image presented to others.

Question 10

The essence of reflective design?

Answer 10

it’s all in the mind of the beholder (fulfill people’s emotional needs)

Question 11

Does the three levels of processing interact with one another?

Answer 11

Yes. Everything has both a cognitive and an affective component
◼ Cognitive to assign meaning (how we think)
◼ Affective to assign value (how we feel)
◼ Feeling changes our thinking

Question 12

What makes things better?

Answer 12

Attractiveness and beauty. Both at:

• visceral level: surface look of an object
• Reflective level: also influenced by knowledge, learning, and culture

AND: Usability and Aesthetics are correlated. Things that are attractive, are perceived easier to use

Question 13

Why does attractive things work better?

Answer 13

◼ Emotional systems change how the cognitive system operates
◼ Emotions aid in decision making
◼ Positive emotions are critical to learning, curiosity, and creative thought
◼ Negative emotions narrow thought processes
◼ Hence, attractive things make people feel good, which in turn makes it easier for people to find solutions to the problems
◼ Also, we want those things that we find pleasing to succeed

Question 14

Basic things to think about while Designing Affective Interfaces

Answer 14

1. Use visual element to trigger emotions (color, animation etc)
2. Creative and smart interactions
3. Use well-crafted microcopy/copy to express emotions
4. Provide an engaging experience with unique design style and theme

Question 15

How do you reduce User Frustration in 3 steps?

Answer 15

1. Go through the flow of operations, point of decisions, and paths
2. Give an emotion tag for every element identified above: :) or :(
3. Optimize the affective design for every element tagged (turn frustration into safe or even happy)
   - AVOID threatening error messages!

Question 16

Shneiderman’s guidelines for error messages?

Answer 16

• Be courtenus
• avoid using terms like fatal, invalid, bad
• audio warnings should be under user’s control
• avoid uppercase and long code numbers
• messages should be precise rather than vague
• provide context-sensitive help

Question 17

What is Persuasive Technologies?

Answer 17

Interactive techniques, computing systems deliberately designed to change people’s attitudes and behavior

Question 18

Interactive design have been used to…?

Answer 18

entice, cajole, and persuade people to do something they might not have otherwise done.
ex. Pop-up ads, warning messages, reminders, prompts, personalized messages, recommendations, Amazon 1- click. OR the piano stairs, or stop smoking notes or counter

Question 19

How to Create Persuasive Technologies?

Answer 19

Create the perception of progress
– Endowed progress effect: as people come closer to completing a set, the urge to complete the set becomes even stronger
– Sequencing effect: break the task down into small steps to motivate people

Question 20

How many levels of processing and affective design?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

The three overview aspects of affective aspects?

Answer 21

• expressive interface
• reducing frustration
• persuasive technologies