Lecture 7

Question 1

Sternberg scanning task

Answer 1

• Time taken to compare one mental comparison
• Given set of numbers, short pause
• Given probe number, does it match one of the numbers in the set
• Dependent variable is response time

Question 2

Simple model of scanning task

Answer 2

• Probe digit (number to find in set)
• Encoding stage
• Memory comparison stage
• Response output stage

Question 3

Hypotheses regarding search in short term store

Answer 3

• Parallel
• Serial exhaustive
• Serial self-terminating

Question 4

Parallel hypothesis regarding search in short term store

Answer 4

• Compares all items of memory set at same time

- The number of items in the memory set doesn’t have an impact on response time

Question 5

Serial exhaustive hypothesis regarding search in short term store

Answer 5

• Compares all items of memory set in sequence
• As items in the memory set increases, so does response time
• Where the probe is (first or last item in set) does not impact response time

Question 6

Serial self-terminating hypothesis regarding search in short term store

Answer 6

• Compares items of memory set in sequence until finds probe
• Response time depends on how quickly you reach probe number in memory set
• If probe not found, response time depends on number of items in memory set

Question 7

Results for short term store searching

Answer 7

• Matches serial exhaustive hypothesis

- Reaction time = 397.2 + 37.9i, (i = items in memory set)

Question 8

Additive factors logic and modelling

Answer 8

• Sternberg scanning task
• Clear vs degraded probe
• Encoding and memory comparison now?
• Adjusts for degraded probe during encoding stage therefore slope of response line is the same, just moved higher

Question 9

Advantage of additive factors logic

Answer 9

Simple logic used to isolate stages in a serial process

Question 10

Disadvantages of additive factors logic

Answer 10

Only useful when examining discrete stages

Question 11

Levels of processing framework

Answer 11

• Emphasis on what you do with the material
• Type of encoding important
• Orienting tasks: physical, phonemic, semantic

Question 12

Asumptions of memory

Answer 12

• Not affected by rehearsal (Type 1)

- Depends on encoding level (Type 2)

Question 13

Evidence of rehearsal not having the impact we thought

Answer 13

Can change amount we rehearse specific item but has no influence on number of items recalled

Question 14

Evidence that encoding level matters

Answer 14

• Varied type of orienting task: counting # letters, check for letter e, pleasantness ratings
• Incidental vs intentional learning
• Shows support for level of processing increasing recall

Question 15

Recognition test for recall

Answer 15

Support for using semantics increases recall amounts

Question 16

More evidence for semantics increasing recall

Answer 16

Judging whether a word fits into a sentence doubles recall over rewriting the words

Question 17

Nonverbal test for semantics increasing recall

Answer 17

• Sex of person
• Judge face likableness
• Rate honesty
• Rate honestly had highest recall amounts and requires more deeper level processing

Question 18

Variance in complexity of sentence frames on recall

Answer 18

More complex sentence frames increases recall

Question 19

Impacts on type of test

Answer 19

Standard recognition - semantic > phonemic

Rhyme recognition - phonemic > semantic