Lecture 7 9/8/23

Question 1

What are the two main parts of the vertebrae?

Answer 1

-body
-vertebral arch

Question 2

What are the four parts of the vertebral arch?

Answer 2

-two lamina
-two pedicles

Question 3

What is the vertebral foramen?

Answer 3

the space between the vertebral arch and the body of a singular vertebrae

Question 4

What is the vertebral canal?

Answer 4

all of the vertebral foramen of all the vertebrae

Question 5

What are the parts of the intervertebral disc?

Answer 5

-annulus fibrosus
-nucleus pulposus

Question 6

What are the characteristics of the annulus fibrosus?

Answer 6

-fibrous cartilage
-joins one vertebrae to another

Question 7

What are the characteristics of the nucleus pulposus?

Answer 7

-gelatinous
-shock absorption

Question 8

What are the four processes on a vertebrae?

Answer 8

-cranial articular process
-caudal articular process
-spinous process
-transverse process

Question 9

What is the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 9

the space between the vertebrae when looking at the lateral surfaces

Question 10

What is the spinal formula for the dog?

Answer 10

C7 T13 L7 S3 CD20-23

Question 11

What are the roles of the vertebral processes?

Answer 11

-form joints between vertebrae
-serve as sites of tendon and ligament attachment

Question 12

What are the four long ligaments of the vertebral column?

Answer 12

-nuchal ligament
-supraspinous ligament
-dorsal longitudinal ligament
-ventral longitudinal ligament

Question 13

Where does the nuchal ligament run?

Answer 13

C2 (axis) to T1

Question 14

What is the role of the nuchal ligament?

Answer 14

helps larger animals to support the head

Question 15

Where does the supraspinous ligament run?

Answer 15

T1 to sacrum

Question 16

Where does the dorsal longitudinal ligament run?

Answer 16

along the ventral part of the vertebral canal from C2 to sacrum

Question 17

Where does the ventral longitudinal ligament run?

Answer 17

along the ventral part of the vertebral bodies from C2 to sacrum

Question 18

What do the dorsal and ventral longitudinal ligaments do?

Answer 18

hold vertebral bodies together

Question 19

Where does the spinal cord run?

Answer 19

through the vertebral foramen, exiting through intervertebral foramen

Question 20

Where do nerves exit?

Answer 20

intervertebral foramen

Question 21

What is the other name for C1?

Answer 21

atlas

Question 22

What is the other name for C2?

Answer 22

axis

Question 23

What is the function of the atlas?

Answer 23

allowing the head to nod yes

Question 24

What is the function of the axis?

Answer 24

allowing the head to shake no

Question 25

What joint is between the skull and the atlas?

Answer 25

atlantoccipital jnt

Question 26

What joint is between the atlas and the axis?

Answer 26

atlantoaxial jnt

Question 27

What type of joint are the atlantoccipital and the atlantoaxial joints?

Answer 27

synovial joints

Question 28

What six joints are the standards joints on a vertebrae?

Answer 28

-2 intervertebral disc joints -4 articular process joints

Question 29

What are the six additional joints on vertebrae attached to ribs?

Answer 29

-4 articulations with rib heads -2 articulations with rib tubercles

Question 30

Where do the rib heads articulate with the vertebrae?

Answer 30

fossas on the cranial and caudal aspects of the vertebrae, ventrally

Question 31

What type of joints are between the rib heads and rib tubercles and the vertebrae?

Answer 31

synovial joints

Question 32

Which vertebrae have the standard number of joints (6)?

Answer 32

C3-C6, L1-L7

Question 33

What is unique about C6?

Answer 33

it has expanded lamina on the transverse processes

Question 34

How many joints does C7 have?

Answer 34

8 - 6 standard joints and 2 rib head articulations

Question 35

How many joints do T1 through T9 have?

Answer 35

12 - 6 standard joints and 6 rib joints

Question 36

Why do T10-T13 only have 10 joints?

Answer 36

the fossas that the ribs articulate with move away (caudally) from the cranial edge, preventing the ribs from articulating with the vertebrae cranially to them

Question 37

What is unique about the S1-S3 vertebrae?

Answer 37

they are fused to form the sacrum