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DPT 701 > Lecture 7 mediastinum > Flashcards

Lecture 7 mediastinum Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Recommendation if you have chronic severe heartburn

A

Sleep on your left side

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2
Q

The pressure of the pleural cavity

A

-4mmHg; 760mmHg atmospheric pressure, 756mmHg in pleural cavity

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3
Q

The arterial and venous ends of the heart are brought together to form the

A

transverse pericardial sinus

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4
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there

A

between 3-5

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5
Q

Where does the apex of the heart end up pointing towards

A

the fifth intercostal space

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6
Q

Cranial nerve 10 =

A

Vagus nerve

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7
Q

enlargement of the pulmonary trunk can lead to

A

pulmonary hypertension and sometimes pulmonary embolism

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8
Q

HR above 100 is classified as ; below 60 is

A

tachycardia ; bradycardia

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9
Q

abnormal swelling or bulge along the aortic wall can cause a/an:

A

aneurysm

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10
Q

Ligament connecting arch of the aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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11
Q

When and how does the heart get blood

A

The diastole (relaxation of heart) is when It get blood, and the backflow of blood opens the L+R coronary arteries to the heart

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12
Q

how many people present right bicipital groove pain with heart issues

A

1/1000

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13
Q

Location of the mediastinum

A

between the L/R lungs, superior to the diaphragm, inferior to the thoracic aperture

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14
Q

Mediastinum divisions and their contents

A

Superior: neurovascular supply

Inferior:
Anterior: thymus (children)
Middle: heart
Posterior: bronchi, trachea, esophagus

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15
Q

What separates the bronchus into the left and right bronchi

A

The carina, a cartilaginous ridge

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16
Q

Where does the azygos vein drain?

A

Superior vena cava

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17
Q

Where is the pericardial cavity located

A

Middle inferior mediastinum

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18
Q

How is the heart fixed to the diaphragm?

A

Somatic structure fixes it to the central tendon of the diaphragm

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19
Q

Layers of the pericardial cavity from out to in

A

-fibrous pericardium
- parietal layer of serous pericardium (innervated by phrenic nerve; right bicipital groove pain)
- pericardial cavity
- visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)
- myocardium (cardiac muscles)
- endocardium (endothelia or specialized epithelia)

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20
Q

What synchronizes the contraction of the heart

A

the gap junctions of cardiac muscles

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21
Q

Anatomy landmarks of the heart:

A

Anterior = L/R ventricles

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22
Q

Right vs left heart

Study These Flashcards
A

R: R atrium/ventricle = low O2 blood
L: L atrium/ventricle = high O2 blood

23
Q

Locations of Oblique and transverse pericardial sinus

Study These Flashcards
A

Ob: apex to posterior left atrium
T: separates the veins/arteries

24
Q

The major cardiac veins and functions

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A

Superior vena cava and pulmonary veins; they drain blood back into the heart

25
Major cardiac arteries and functions
Pulmonary trunk (L/R pulmonary arteries); ascending aorta to aortic arch (R brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian); they conduct blood out of the heart to the body
26
What kind of muscle makes up the right atrium auricle
pectinate muscle
27
The crista terminalis creates a smooth connection for
the two vena cava
28
The SA node is located at
the superior end of the vena cava
29
Which chamber of the heart contains openings for the superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus?
Right atrium
30
The (blank) is found in the right ventricle and is located anterior to the papillary muscle
septomarginal trabecula or moderate band
31
Popes hat/ has chrodae tendineae
Mitral valve
32
What plane do the valves of the heart occur across
The coronary sulcus
33
What is the function of the hearts valves
to prevent blood backflow
34
Name the hearts valves and its locations
Pulmonary valve (ant, L, R) anterior Aortic valve (L, R, Post) middle Tricuspid/ R atrioventricular (ant, septal, post) posterior right Bicuspid/L atrioventricular/ Mitral (ant,post) posterior left
35
Auscultation of valves (locations)
Aortic = R 2nd intercostal space Pulmonary = L 2nd intercostal space Tricuspid = 5th int space, left of sternum Bicuspid/Mitral = 5th int space, mid clavicle
36
Pulmonary circulation walkthrough (exchange of O2/CO2)
- Right Atrium ; low O2, High CO2 - R ventricle - Pulmonary trunk - R/L pulmonary arteries - R/L lungs - R/L pulmonary veins - Left atrium ; high O2, low CO2
37
Systemic circulation walkthrough/ left heart (deliver O2 and nutrition to WHOLE body except heart)
- Left atrium ; high O2, low CO2 - L ventricle - Ascending aorta - Aortic arch (brachi, carotid, subclavian) - Descending aorta - Whole body (except heart) - Veins drain back to sup/inf vena cava - Right atrium ; low O2, high CO2
38
When do pulmonary and systemic circulation take place
They take place simultaneously
39
Two special systemic circulations
1) nutrition in the blood (liver) 2) waste out of blood (kidneys)
40
Cardiac circulation:
Coronary arteries are openings covered by aortic valves during systemic circulation - R = nodal branch to SA node - L = anterior interventricular/ L anterior descending+ circumflex branch
41
Venous drainage veins and locations
- great cardiac vein (anterior) - drain straight into R atrium - Middle cardiac vein (posterior) - Small cardiac vein (follows marginal branch to the coronary sinus, to the right atrium, to the inf vena cava)
42
Opens the atrioventricular valves and closes the pulmonary/aortic valves
Diastole
43
Opens the pulmonary/aortic valves and closes atrioventricular valves
Systole
44
SA and AV node heart beat pace
SA node (sinoatrial) = 60-100bpm AV node = 40-60bpm
45
What makes up the cardiac muscle gap junctions
Purkinje fibers
46
Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic innervation of heart
Sym: increases HR; T1-T4 - cervical/thoracic cardiac sympathetic Para: dec HR; vagus nerve - cerv+thoracic cardiac branches - L vagus nerve twisted anterior, R posterior
47
Visceral sensory information follows ...
phrenic nerve to T1-T4 (symptoms of left chest and medial arm/forearm pain)
48
Somatic sensory follows....
phrenic nerve to C3-C5 (symptoms of R/L shoulder pain and left neck/mandible pain) ; specific = R bicipital groove pain
49
Umbilical circulation and umbilical vein function
high O2 from placenta filters through the liver; direct to the inferior vena cava through ductus venosus
50
Circulatory Changes at birth
- umbilical vein closes = ligamentum teres/round lig - ductus venosus = ligamentum venosum - foramen ovale = fossa ovalis - ductus arteriosus = ligamentum arteriosum - umbilical arteries to medial umbilical ligaments
51
Esophagus location
Anteromedial to descending aorta; leaves impression on left lung; behind the L atrium at esophageal hiatus (T10 level)
52
Heart burn =
gastroesophageal reflux at cardiac notch of stomach
53
Another function of the thoracic duct
absorption of lipids
54
Posterior mediastinum DATES
D= Descending aorta A = Azygos veins T = Thoracic duct E = Esophagus S = Sympathetics

DPT 701 (13 decks)

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