Lecture 8 & 9 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What was the procedure for the elderly walking test?
- Scrambled sentences task including either:– elderly stereotype words (e.g., Florida, wrinkle, old, knits)– neutral words (e.g., thirsty, clean, private)
- After the experiment was over, the experimenter measures
how long it takes subject to walk to elevator (9.75 m)
What were the results for the elderly walking test?
Those under the elderly prime walked slower.
What were the results of the elder walking test when using objective timings?
The experimenters were biased. But the people did start walking slower, even with the object test.
What was the procedure in the automatic effects of goal pursuit test?
*Priming manipulationword-find task with words related to–achievement–e.g., win, achieve, compete, attain–neutral–e.g., ranch, shampoo, river, carpet
*Scrabble task: create as many words as possible out of 8
tiles
*Measure persistence at task in face of obstacle to goal (i.e.,
after 2 min. told to stop via intercom)
What were the results of the automatic effects of goal pursuit test?
*Proportion who continued to work after the
experimenter said, “stop” over the intercom
–57% in achievement condition
–22% in neutral condition
What were the results of the android mimicry test?
- Humans spontaneously imitate a robot.
- Despite feeling overtly uncomfortable.
- Despite knowing about robot’s artificial nature.
- Facial mimicry is automatic (spontaneous)
What was the order of Libet results?
- RP onset
- Aware of wanting
- Aware of moving
- Finger moves
What was the procedure of the fMRI test?
- Subjects view a letter
stream updated every 500
ms. - At some point they
spontaneously make the
decision to press either
the left or right button.
“when they feel the urge
to do so” - Subsequently, they report
the onset of their decision
to move
What were the results of the fMRI test?
It is possible to probabilistically decode action in the
brain before the timepoint of conscious decision
What was Wegner’s claim?
- Our conscious intention
(“Phenomenal Will”) is not causally
efficacious. It is illusory. - The real cause of action are
unconscious brain processes
(“Empirical Will”). - Phenomenal and Empirical will
are dissociable
What are some examples of automatisms?
- Sleep walking
- Ouija board
What were the procedure and results of the tests with Clever Hans?
1) Von-Osten could look at some,
but not other, cards before
showing them to the horse.
Result: Hans was only
“clever” when Von-Osten
knew the answer.
2) Von-Osten could ask questions
in, or out of the horse’s view.
Result: Correct answers were
given only in full view
What was Pfugst’s conclusions about Clever Hans?
Von-Osten was unconsciously (unintentionally)
communicating nonverbal cues
Von-Osten had an empirical, but not
a phenomenal will.
What did Francis Crick believe?
We are nothing but a pack of neurons.
What was the procedure for the Francis Crick free will experiment?
Some subjects read about determinism. Control read about consciousness.
A glitch revealed correct answers. They can stop the answer from appearing by pressing a spacebar.
What were the results of the Francis Crick experiment?
Exposure to determinism increases cheating.
Participants who read anti-free-will article cheated
more frequently (9.67 vs 14 presses of space bar)
What was the procedure for the second Francis Crick experiment?
Either read a free-will, determinism, or neutral passage.
Take a test from the GRE. Proctor leaves. Scoring determined by the subjects.
What were the results for the second Francis Crick experiment?
Determinism group paid itself more for the
same performance. They pretended like they got more correct answers.
What’s the difference between cognitive and affective priming?
With cognitive priming, the prime and target must be somehow related.
With affective priming, they don’t have to be related.
Subliminal affective stimuli (e.g., conditioned angry
faces) lead to _________activation.
Amygdala
What was the procedure of the subliminal affective priming test?
They’d flash an angry, neutral, or happy face, followed by an ideograph.
What were the results of the subliminal affective priming test?
People liked the ideograph more if it was preceded by a happy face.
What was the procedure of the koolaid study?
Flashed a neutral, happy, or angry face. Then shown a neutral face.
They measure participants mood, arousal, as well as how much they poured and consumed.
What were the results of the koolaid study?
Those who saw a happy face poured and consumed more. Their subjective and arousal was about the same.
