Lecture 8 Cases Cellulitis and Meningitis Flashcards
(23 cards)
Mechanism of Action: Amphotericin
It is fungistatic and can be fungicidal in high concentration. Amphotericin binds onto ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane and inhibits the function of the cell membrane as a selective barrier. This caused leakage of the intracellular content of the fungus and dies.
Place in therapy: Amphotericin
This medicine is active against a wide range of yeasts and yeast-like including Candida albicans.
Common adverse effects: Amphotericin
Chills, headache, flushing, dizziness, hair loss, or thinning, lack of energy, etc.
Precautions: Amphotericin
Orally administered amphotericin B is not to be used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.
Contra-indication: Amphotericin
FUNGILIN is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to amphotericin B or any other component of the FUNGILIN formulation.
MOA: Fluconazole /miconazole
Fluconazole is fungistatic. It acts by inhibiting the Cytochrome P450 dependent of lansterol. This inhibition will disrupt the synthesis of sterol in fungal cell membrane and causing the membrane to become permeable and die.
Place in therapy: Fluconazole /miconazole
Fluconazole is used in the treatment of various infections caused by Candida, including candidemia and disseminated candidiasis.
Common adverse effects
- Headache
- Nausea
- vomiting
- diarrhoea
- bloating
- indigestion
Precautions: FLuconazole
- Sensitive to fluconazole
- causes hepatic impairment
Contra-indication: Fluconazole
- Co-administration of terfenadine is contraindicated in patients receiving fluconazole at multiple doses of 400 mg per day or higher based upon results of a multiple dose interaction study.
Common adverse effects: Miconazole
local irritation and hypersensitivity reactions
Precautions: Miconazole
avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes; topical miconazole may be absorbed systemically—potential for systemic drug interactions (including warfarin)
Contra-indication: Miconazole
Cream applied to the genital area may damage latex condoms and diaphragms.
MOA: Nystatin
Binds to sterols protein found in the fungal cell membrane and inhibit the function of selectivity and causes the fungal cell to be permeable and die from the leaking intracellular content.
Place in therapy: Nystatin
Nystatin is an antifungal antibiotic, produced by a strain of Streptomyces noursei, active against yeasts and yeast like fungi, including Candida albicans.
Common adverse effects: Nystatin
- feeling sick or nausea
- vomiting
- stomach upset
- diarrhoea
Precaution: Nystatin
avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes
PK: Nystatin
Nystatin is absorbed very sparingly following oral administration when given in the recommended doses. The minimal absorption from oral dosage forms may however, be sufficient to provoke an allergic reaction in hypersensitive patients.
MOA: Terbinafine
It is fungistatic and can be fungicidal in high concentration. Amphotericin binds onto ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane and inhibits the function of the cell membrane as a selective barrier. This caused leakage of the intracellular content of the fungus and dies.
Place in Therapy: Terbinafine
Used in dermatophyte infections of the nails; candida and tinea infections (including tinea pedis, cruris, corporis) where oral therapy appropriate (due to site, severity or extent).
Common adverse effects: Terbinafine
abdominal discomfort, anorexia, nausea, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, headache,
Precautions: Terbinafine
psoriasis (risk of exacerbation); autoimmune disease (risk of lupus-erythematosus-like effect)
Contra-indication: Terbinafine
Patients with active or chronic liver disease.
