lecture 8-fungi

Question 1

eukaryotic microbes that can be uni or multicell

Answer 1

fungi

Question 2

structural features of fungi?

Answer 2

typical eucaryotic compartments, cell envelope with plasma mem of ergosterol, cell wall of chitin

Question 3

chitin is a polymer of linked _____

Answer 3

N-acetylglucosamines

Question 4

single celled fungi 5-15 micrometres, reproduce by budding

Answer 4

yeasts

Question 5

multi-cell fungi, filamentous hyphae, reproduce with spores

Answer 5

molds

Question 6

dense mat of interlinked hyphae

Answer 6

mycelium

Question 7

what is dimorphic fungi?

Answer 7

alternate between yeast and mold forms depending on enviro

Question 8

examples of yeast?

Answer 8

crytococcus

Question 9

examples of molds?

Answer 9

rhizopus, fusarium

Question 10

3 types of fungal disease

Answer 10

hypersensitivity, mycotoxicoses, mycoses

Question 11

what is hypersensitivity disease?

Answer 11

allergic response to spores/metabolites

Question 12

what is mycotoxicoses?

Answer 12

poisoning cuz consumption of funcal metabolic product

Question 13

what is mycoses?

Answer 13

infection due to growth of fungus on host

Question 14

types of mycoses

Answer 14

1) cutaneous 2) subcutaneous

3) systemic

Question 15

cutaneous usually caused by ____ and transmitted by _____

Answer 15

dermatophytes; direct contact

Question 16

subcutaneous usually associated with ____

Answer 16

traumatic injury

Question 17

systemic usally starts in ___

Answer 17

lungs

Question 18

example of cutaneous mycoses?

Answer 18

athletes food, ringworm

Question 19

ex. subcutaneous?

Answer 19

mycetoma

Question 20

ex. of systemic mycoses?

Answer 20

aspergilloma

Question 21

yeast often found asymptomatically but can multiply and cause infection

Answer 21

candida

Question 22

dimorphic fungus found in soil of warm dry places, develop spherules in lungs

Answer 22

coccidioides

Question 23

ways to diagnose in lab?

Answer 23

direct microscopy, growth on culture media and biochem id,

Question 24

how does direct micro work?

Answer 24

collect specimen from affected area, stain, examine, identify based on spores/hyphae

Question 25

increased use of ____ agents make accurate lab id super important; these agents target ____-

Answer 25

species-specific; fungal cell envelope/DNA or RNA synth

Question 26

examples of antifungals?

Answer 26

polyenes (amphotericin B, Nystatin), azoles, nucleotide analogues

Question 27

how polyene work?

Answer 27

bind to ergosterol amd create pores in mem

Question 28

toxicity polyenes?

Answer 28

anemia, kidney damage (ampho b)

Question 29

what are polyenes used for?

Answer 29

severe systemic infections or for oral/vaginal yeast infections

Question 30

mech of action for azoles?

Answer 30

block ergosterol synth, cyto contents leak

Question 31

non-azole comp that also inhibit ergosterol synth

Answer 31

terbinofine (lamisil)

Question 32

why flucytosine less toxic?

Answer 32

cuz human cells less ability transport it

Question 33

term describe org that resides in or on mammalian host

Answer 33

parasite

Question 34

two groups of parasites

Answer 34

protozoa, helminths

Question 35

two morphological forms of protozoa

Answer 35

trophozoite, cyst

Question 36

trophozoite is?

Answer 36

metabolically active and replicating form found INSIDE host

Question 37

what is cyst?

Answer 37

dormant and non-replicating form with thickened wall structure help survival in enviro, form transmitted

Question 38

what are helminths?

Answer 38

all worms that have parasitic lifestyle

Question 39

3 groups of helminths clinically important?

Answer 39

nematodes, tapeworms, flukes

Question 40

helminths reproduce via ___ which hatch into ____

Answer 40

eggs; larvae

Question 41

eggs/larvae are _____ forms

Answer 41

transit/infective

Question 42

adult worms cause ___

Answer 42

symptoms

Question 43

how cause symptoms?

Answer 43

physically obstruct/disrupt, produce enzymes, interfere w/ absorption

Question 44

very common protozoan intestinal infection, have both human and animal hosts, transimission is fecal oral

Answer 44

giardia lamblia

Question 45

how gardiasis work?

Answer 45

cyst form ingested, stomach digest enzymes degrade cyst wall, convert to trophozoite in GI, multiply attach to villi, dehydration of stool during large intestine passage convert back to cyst

Question 46

extremely rare protozoan CNS infection, extremely fatal, warm freshwater enviro

Answer 46

naegleria fowleri (amoebic meningitis)

Question 47

two troph forms of N. fowleri?

Answer 47

amoeboid or flagellate

Question 48

infective form of N. fowleri?

Answer 48

amoeboid troph (enter nasal mucosa-->brain)

Question 49

very common helminth infection mostly in kids

Answer 49

pinworms

Question 50

since pinworm eggs not released in feces, need diagnose by:

Answer 50

finding eggs in perianal area using pinworm paddles

Question 51

antiparasitic agents interfere with:

Answer 51

protozoan biosynth path or helminth meuromusc function

Question 52

modes of transmission for fungi?

Answer 52

inhalation, wound entry, opportunistic

Question 53

mode of trans for protozoa?

Answer 53

insect vectors (malaria), fecal oral

Question 54

mode of trans for helminths?

Answer 54

ingest eggs/larvae, active penetration thru skin

Question 55

direct human to human transmission only found with ____ ,usually requires ____

Answer 55

dermatophytes (spores); intermediate