Lecture 8 - Interpersonal Violence Flashcards
Family Violence
Background Information
What is abuse (what forms does abuse take)?
-Name the different types of abuse
(EP)S(EF)RPSR
Need to break the silence of abuse
Abuse:
Its about power and control
Not about who they look like
- Emotional or psychological abuse (mind games)
- Social abuse (Social abuse involving children(as pawns)) [Custody]
- Economic/financial abuse (asking partners for your own money)
- Ritual abuse (satanic cults, using cult to control ppl)
- Physical abuse (assault)
- Sexual abuse (different ages and forms)
- Religious abuse
What is family violence?
- what kind of problems
- Ranges across what
- It involves an abuse of what and the violation of what
- Describe family violence
- Must look beyond what
It is a complex problem (each problem isn’t the same)
Ranges across the lifespan
It involves an abuse of power and the violation of a position of trust
Any behaviour by one person against another person in an intimate relationship which may endanger that person’s survival, security or well-being
Must look beyond the family and consider the values and attitudes of the community and the larger society
Statistics Canada’s Measuring Violence Against Women:
- The rate of violence against women in Saskatchewan is almost what the national avg
- Saskatchewan leads what
The rate of violence against women in Saskatchewan is almost double the national average.
Saskatchewan leads all provinces and territories in rates of intimate partner violence and sexual offences, and in rates of violence against girls and female teenagers.
Saskatchewan is #1
- In police reported what
- FiD(PY)S
- What highest violence crime severity index and homicide rate
Police are more approachable in Saskatchewan
In police-reported violent crime rates in Canada since 1997 (X2 the National Rate)
In provincial family violence rate
Provincial intimate partner violence rate
Provincial child and youth violent victimization rate
Family-related violence against seniors
2nd highest violent crime severity index and homicide rate
Prevalence of Abuse in Canada
-Most often victims of family violence were in a what
-With about how much of the victims being in what
-18% were what
-13% were what
-11% were what
9% were what
- Victims of family violence were mostly what
- This disproportionate representation was most pronounced for what
- 80% victims were
- 63% were
- 58% were
- 57% were
- 57% also was
Not everybody reports violence
- Most often, victims of family violence were in a spousal relationship with the accused, with about half of victims (49%) being currently or previously married to the accused. Another 18% of family violence victims were victimized by their parent, 13% by an extended family member, 11% by a sibling and 9% by a child, most often a grown child.
- Victims of family violence were predominantly female (69%). This disproportionate representation was most pronounced for spousal violence, as 80% of victims were female, but was also evident when the accused was a child (63%), extended family member (58%), parent (57%) and sibling (57%).
Ask them 3 questions
A/H
A
W
Are you safe? / How are you doing right now?
Ask them what do they need right now?
What can I provide right now?
Family Violence (Violence during pregnancy)
- Incidence ranges from?
- Women who are abused during pregnancy are how many times as lickly to experience what
- Why?
Incidence of violence during pregnancy ranges from 4% to 17%, however domestic violence during pregnancy is underreported
Women who are abused during pregnancy are 4 times as likely to experience serious physical violence (i.e. choking (serious situation), gun threats)
The partner wants the attention again, often present with bruising in the abd. area
Family Violence (Children/Youth) -What family members were identified as the what in a sizable majority of family related what (96%) and what (71%)
-Infants experience what rates of family related homicide than older children
Young parents are represented how amongst the accused
Male family members were identified as the accused in a sizable majority of family-related sexual (96%) and physical assaults (71%) against children and youth.
Infants (<1yr) experience higher rates of family-related homicide, than older children
Young parents are disproportionally represented among those accused (60%)
Family Violence (Abuse of the Elderly)
- What is most often the apparent motive for family homicide against seniors
- What is the most commonly identified reason
- What % experience some type of abuse
- Victims who are elderly are most lickly to be what
Older adults may experience different types of abuse including :
P/S, P/E, F, N
Most often, frustration, anger or despair was the apparent motive for family-perpetrated homicides against seniors.
In contrast, financial gain was the most commonly identified reason behind senior homicides committed by non-family members.
Between 4% - 10% of seniors (in Canada) experience some type of abuse
Victims who are elderly are most likely to be victimized by an adult child or current/former spouse
Physical or sexual abuse
Psychological or emotional abuse
Financial abuse
Neglect, unintentional neglect, self neglect
Adults who experience abuse are
- 103% more likely
- 95% more likely
- 103% more likely
- 192% more likely
- 43% more likely
103% more likely to become smokers 95% more likely to become obese 103% more likely to become alcoholics 192% more likely to develop drug addictions 43% more likely to become suicidal
They have no control so they control what they can
Consequences of Abuse of Women
HEI
Health consequences
Economic consequences
Impact of abuse on children
Health Consequences of Abuse of Women
PSPF
Physical
Sexual and Reproductive
Psychological and Behavioral
Fatal Health Consequences
Economic Consequences
BII
Burden on society
Impact on employment
Indirect costs
Impact on Children
PP
Physical Effects
Psychological and Behavioral Effects
The Cycle of Violence
TVR
Tension Building Phase
Violent incident (battering)-blow up
Remorse /Romance phase (absence of battering)
Phase 1: Tension Building Phase
- Duration
- Initial what of the relationship fades
- Abuser - starts exhibiting what
- Victim - Attempts to do what
- When these attempts don’t work
- Abuser feels
- At this point what is gonna happen
Traits of the abuser in phase 1 (tension building)
JARND
Traits of the victim in phase 1 (tension building)
UMAFCSWF
Duration: days, weeks, months, years
Initial infatuation of the relationship fades
Abuser - starts exhibiting aggressive/abusive tendencies
Victim - attempts to stop aggression by pleasing, placating, or staying out of the way, thinking those actions can control the abusive behavior
When these actions do not control or stop the abuse, the victim withdraws
Abuser feels rejected and tries harder to control the victim’s activities
At this point, an abusive incident will inevitably happen
Jealousy Actions that isolate the victim Rule changing Name calling Dominating
Use of calming techniques Minimizing abusers behaviours Anger suppression Fatigue Confusion Self-doubt Withdrawal Fear
Phase 2: Violent Incident Phase PEMSS Abuse The violent incident relives what for the abuser -Victim feels what -Police are usually where
Traits of the abuser in phase 2 (violent incident)
AAUE
Traits of the victim in phase 2 (violent incident)
FAMM
Physical, emotional, mental, spiritual or sexual abuse
The violent incident relieves the stress/tension of the abuser
While the perpetrator feels instant relief, the victim experiences shock/denial
Police are usually involved at this stage, victim may seek safe shelter
Only 13% of victims go to a shelter
Anger
Assault on the victim
Uncontrolled tension
Exhaustion
Fear
Anger
May call the police
May seek safety
Phase 3: Remorse/Romance Phase
- Abuser becomes what
- May take what action
- High number of women return to where
Traits of the abuser in phase 3 (Remorse/Romance)
ASLD
Traits of the victim in phase 3 (Remorse/Romance)
GHLLD
Abuser becomes tender, apologetic, gift giving, proclaims love, one time event etc.
Abuser may take actions and demonstrate willingness/desire to change (i.e. rehab, stop drinking etc)
High number of women return to the abuser during this phase, believing the abuser and their actions to be sincere
Apologies and promises
Shows insecurities
Loving
Demonstrates dependency on the victim
Guilt Hope Loneliness Low-self esteem Dependency
Challenges Facing Women: Why do they stay?
9 Fs
Fear of injury (or death) Finances Family Faith Father Fatigue Fantasy and Forgiveness Familiar Foresight
What is the goal of nursing interventions in relation to family violence?
EPM
to empower the client to take control
to provide support
to maximize safety
Screening: Role of the Nurse Ask what Acknowledge what Validate what Access what Explore what Refer to what Document what
Ask the question Acknowledge the abuse Validate the woman’s experience Access immediate safety Explore options Refer to services at the woman’s request Document the interaction
Screening for Abuse
URI
Universal
Routine
Indicator Based
Barriers to Screening and Disclosure
Barriers to screening from
Barriers to disclosure from
Barriers to screening from the provider’s perspective
Barriers to disclosure from the client’s perspective
I don’t want people to know
Gossip
Asking the Question
Responding when she says “YES”
Responding when she says “NO” and you suspect “YES”
Responding when she says “NO”
Guiding Principles for Screening ABCD-ER
Attitude and approachability Belief Confidentiality Documentation Education Recognition
Attitude and approachability of the health care provider
Belief in the women’s account of her experience
Confidentiality is essential for disclosure
Documentation that is consistent and legible
Education about the serious effects of violence & abuse
Recognition that dealing with violence & abuse has to be at her pace, directed by her decisions
Documentation
Document what Accuracy is what Document as soon as what Use tools such as what With a clients permission do what
Document quotes, observed behaviour, physical assessment and interventions (facts not opinions)
Accuracy is important (specifics – who/what/where/when)
Document as soon as possible – document physical and psychological symptoms – be objective, quote the client) when possible
Use tools such as body maps to document locations and patterns of physical injuries
With a clients permission photograph injuries
What types of nursing actions might jeopardize your relationships with patients experiencing abuse?
TBVC
Telling people what to do
Blaming the victim
Violating confidentiality
Confronting the abuser about the abuse
Challenges of a rural setting related to family violence include:
LDLIF
Lack of access to Decreased what Lack of Increased number of what Fewer
Lack of access to public transportation/phone service
Decreased anonymity and confidentiality
Lack of services / ineffective services
Increased number of weapons in the home (i.e. hunting)
Fewer resources (i.e. employment, child care etc.)
What needs to be considered when a disclosure of abuse is made?
Reporting of violence and abuse against who
Young women and disclosure of abuse (age of consent for sexual activity is what)
Children who
Reporting of violence and abuse against females
Young women and disclosure of abuse
-Age of consent for sexual activity is 16 years in Canada
Children who witness violence and abuse
Child Maltreatment
Professionals must report cases in which they suspect what
-Child protection overrides what
Reporting child abuse/neglect
anyone who suspects that a child is abused has what duty
You are not expected to determine if a child is being what
Members of the public are obligated by law to do what
There are legal consequences of what
Who do I report to?
SCPF
“Professionals must report cases in which they suspect that a child is or may be suffering or may have suffered abuse”
Child protection overrides obligation to confidentiality
- Anyone who suspects that a child is being abused or neglected has a legal duty to report it
- You are not expected to determine if a child is being abused or neglected
- Members of the public are obligated by the law to report suspected abuse or neglect
- There are legal consequences for failing to report a suspicion of abuse or neglect (in Saskatchewan)
Social Services Child Protection Office
A community crisis centre or unit
A police officer
A First Nations Child and Family Service Agency
Abuse against Older Adults
RUAR
Reassurance
Unlike child abuse, reporting is not mandatory
Abuse help lines in SK Tel phonebooks
Review available services
Nursing Practice & Family Violence
Government of Saskatchewan
LEGISLATION
C
Section what
V
Something to do with leases
Gunshot and Stab Wounds Mandatory Reporting Act (effective Sept 1, 2007)
2nd province in Canada to enact this legislation
Overrides confidentiality requirements
Child and Family Services Act
Section 11
Victims of Interpersonal -Violence Act
Break a fixed term lease in cases of IPV (Can put application for victim to break a lease if theres violence)
