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Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2 > Lecture 8: Joints & Joint Injuries > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Joints & Joint Injuries Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Intervertebral Joints

A

Facet Joints,
Intervertebral Discs,
C1/C2 Exception

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2
Q

C1/C2 Exception

A 
Pivot Joint (allows for rotation),
Gliding Diarthroses
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3
Q

C1/C2

A

Atlantoaxial Joint,

C1 articulates with occipital condyles superiorly and C2 inferiorly

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4
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Anterior surface of vertebral bodies

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5
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Posterior surface of vertebral bodies

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6
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A

Posterior to spinal cord,

Filled with yellow/elastin

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7
Q

Intervertebral Discs

A

Not between C1 and C2,
Starts between C2 and C3,
Ends at L5 and sacrum

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8
Q

IVD Herniation

A

Tough rings of fibrocartilage,
Torn rings create weak IVD,
Torn rings leads to leakage of nucleus pulposus

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9
Q

Whiplash

A

Sprain/strain injury to neck (ligaments, capsules, discs)

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10
Q

The Pectoral Girdle’s Other Name

A

Shoulder Girdle

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11
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)

A

AC Sprain,
Acromion process of scapula and clavicle,
Clavicle can pop up

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12
Q

The Shoulder Joint’s Other Name

A

Glenohumeral Joint

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13
Q

Glenoid Labrum

A

Cartilage provides more of a socket,
Deepens socket of glenoid cavity,
Extends past the bone

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14
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A 
Supraspinatus Muscle,
Infraspinatus Muscle,
Teres Minor Muscle,
Subscapularis Muscle,
Surround humerus
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15
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

Tendons of the four rotator cuff muscles come together to form the ‘rotator cuff’ and the head of humerus

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16
Q

Labral Tear

A

Tear usually at the superior labrum

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17
Q

What Type of Joint is the Pectoral Girdle?

A

Sternalclavicular diarthroses joint

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18
Q

What Does the Pectoral Girdle Connect?

A

Arm to the body,

Axial skeleton only at manubrium

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19
Q

What Does the Pectoral Girdle Consist of?

A

2 Clavicles and 2 Scapulae

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20
Q

What is the Shoulder Joint Supported By?

A

Supported by glenoid labrum/rotator cuff

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21
Q

The Shoulder Joint

A 
Allows more motion than any other joint,
Least stable (no bony support),
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22
Q

What Type of Joint is the Elbow?

A

Stable hinge joint diarthroses

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23
Q

What Are the 3 Articulations of the Elbow Joint?

A

Humeroulnar Joint,
Humeroradial Joint,
Radioulnar Joint,
All in 1 joint capsule

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24
Q

Humeroulnar Joint of Elbow

Study These Flashcards
A

Largest articulation,
Trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna,
Limited movement

25
Humeroradial Joint
Small articulations | Capitulum of humerus and head of radius
26
Radioulnar Joint
Pivot joint diarthroses
27
3 Supporting Structures of the Elbow Joint
Biceps Brachii Muscle, Triceps Brachii Muscle, Elbow Ligaments
28
Biceps Brachii Muscle
Attached to radial tuberosity, Controls elbow motion (flexes), Medial Epicondyle
29
Triceps Brachii Muscle
Extends, | Lateral Epicondyle
30
Elbow Ligaments
Radial Collateral, Annular (wraps around head of radius), Ulnar Collateral
31
Wrist Ligaments
Mostly gliding joints
32
Pelvic Girdle
Transfers weight of body to lower extremities
33
What Type of Joint is the Hip Joint?
Strong ball-and-socket diarthroses
34
Hip Joint
More stability, less mobility than shoulder, Wide range of motion, Ligament of femoral head and labrum
35
Hip Injuries (4)
Dislocations, Labrum tears, Strains, Fractures of femoral neck
36
What Type of Joint is the Knee Joint?
Hinge Joint Diarthroses
37
The Knee Joint
Easy to damage if hit from side, | Transfers weight from femur to tibia
38
Articulations of the Knee Joint
2 Femur-Tibia (medial/lateral epicondyles), | 1 between patella and patellar surface to femur
39
Ligaments of the Knee Joint
Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments, Medial Collateral Ligament, Lateral Collateral Ligament
40
Anterior/Posterior Cruciate Ligament of Knee Joint
Form an X inside the joint capsule
41
Medial Collateral Ligament of Knee Joint
Tibial, | Prevent knee from going side to side
42
Lateral Collateral Ligament of Knee Joint
Fibular
43
Menisci of Knee Joint
Medial and Lateral, Make joint less likely to open up and prevent the tibia/fibula from moving, Usually opposite ligament/menisci are torn because they're the one that bends
44
Medial and Later Menisci of Knee
Fibrous wedge-shaped cartilage pads, Femur-Tibia articulations, Cushion and stabilize joint, Give lateral support
45
The Ankle
Lateral ligaments
46
Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle
Anterior Talofibular Ligament, Calcaneofibular Ligament, Posterior Talofibulor Ligament
47
Arthritis
Inflammation of a Joint
48
Osteoarthritis
Damage to a synovial joint
49
Characteristics of Osteoarthritis
``` Bones not as lined up, Narrowing joint space, Thinner hyaline cartilage between bones, Possible bone spurs, Develops over many years/decades ```
50
Rheumatoid Arthritis
WBC start attacking own cells/tissues (synovial membranes and hyaline cartilage), Not normal wear/tear or injury
51
Most Common Place for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Hands/wrist
52
Characteristics of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Symmetrical/Bilateral, Bones not lined up, Possible dislocation, Decrease in joint space
53
Gout
Uric acid crystals form on bone, | No previous injury though it looks like it
54
Uric Acid
Breaks down purines
55
Most Common Place for Gout
Metatarsal phalangeal joint
56
What Can Increase Uric Acid Crystals?
Dehydration and Alcohol Consumption
57
Arthroscopy
Using an arthroscope to take a look inside and repair a joint
58
Arthroplasty
Surgical repair/replacement of a joint, Used more commonly for osteoarthritis, Lasts 12-15 years

Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2 (5 decks)

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