Lecture 8 - Muscles of the Appendicular Portion

Question 1

What is the primary function of the upper extremity?

Answer 1

movement

Question 2

How is the scapula stabilized? Why does it need to be stabilized?

Answer 2

the scapula does not directly attach to the skeleton, the muscles act as antagonists to each other pulling in opposite directions to keep scapula immobile

Question 3

What muscles are in the posterior group of the muscles that stabilize the scapula?

Answer 3

trapezius, rhomboid muscles, levator scapulae

Question 4

What muscles are in the anterior group of muscles that stabilize the scapula?

Answer 4

pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

Question 5

Describe the trapezius muscles

Answer 5

• large, flat, triangular
• extends from skull + vertebral column medically to the pectoral girdle laterally
• most superficial of back muscles
• for a diamond shape resembling a trapezoid
• functions: shrugging, pulling back the shoulders, extension of the head, when head is fixed stabilizes scapula

Question 6

Describe the rhomboid mucles

Answer 6

• two muscles that are considered as one

- pulls the scapula towards the spine when pulling the shoulders backwards

Question 7

Describe the Levator Scapulae

Answer 7

• part of the posterior group of muscles that stabilize the scapula
• extended from the cervical vertebrae to the scapula
• elevates the scapula

Question 8

Describe pectoralis minor

Answer 8

• part of the anterior group of muscles
• extended from the coracoid process of the scapula to the upper ribs
• pulls the scapula anteriorly
• an auxiliary muscles for inspiration

Question 9

Describe the serratus anterior

Answer 9

• part of the anterior group of muscles that stabilize the scapula
• antagonist to the rhomboid muscles
• auxiliary muscles for inspiration

Question 10

What is the other name for the rotator cuff?

Answer 10

musculotendinous cuff

Question 11

What is the rotator cuff

Answer 11

four muscles that pull the head of the numerous into the glenoid fossa during movements

Question 12

What are the four muscles involved in the rotator cuff?

Answer 12

Supraspinatus: abound the sponge of the scapula

Infraspinatus: below the spine of the scapula

Teres Minor: teres= round, tubular, sausage-like

Subscapularis: occupies subscapular fossa

Question 13

How is the rotator cuff formed?

Answer 13

the tendons of the SITS form a complete circle around the shoulder joint

Question 14

Which muscles of the rotator cuff rotate the humerous?

Answer 14

infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Question 15

What muscles of the rotator cuff DO NOT rotate the humerous?

Answer 15

Supraspinatus

Question 16

Which of the rotator cuff muscles are an abuductor of the arm?

Answer 16

supraspinatus

Question 17

What group of muscles work in conjunction with the rotator cuff muscles to produce movements of the arm?

Answer 17

movers of the shoulder joint

Question 18

What group of muscles does the deltoid muscles belong to?

Answer 18

part of the movers of the shoulder joint

Question 19

What are the movements of the deltoid muscles?

Answer 19

flexion/extension
medial/lateral rotation
-abduction of the arm

Question 20

Describe the pectoralis major

Answer 20

• overlaps pectoralis minor
• produces movements of the humerous in the hugging action
• auxillary muscle for inspiration
• part of the movers of the shoulder joint

Question 21

What muscle is the widest muscle in the back?

Answer 21

latissimus dorsi

Question 22

What muscles produce movements of the humerous in the action of pulling something out of the back pocket?

Answer 22

latissimus dorsi and the teres major muscles

Question 23

Describe the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles

Answer 23

produce the movements of the humerous in the action of pulling something out of the back pocket

insert in the same place

part of the movers of the shoulder joint

Question 24

Where is the coracobrachiallis muscle located?

Answer 24

extended from the coracoid process of the scapula to the humerous

Question 25

What are the actions of the coracobrachiallis?

Answer 25

flexion + abduction of the arm

Question 26

What muscles are movers of the shoulder joint?

Answer 26

``` deltoid mucles pectoralis major latissimus dorsi teres major coracobrachiallis biceps brachii triceps brachii ```

Question 27

What is the action of anterior muscles of the upper limb?

Answer 27

flexion

Question 28

What is the action of posterior muscles of the upper limb?

Answer 28

extension

Question 29

What are the anterior muscles of the arm?

Answer 29

biceps brachii | brachialis

Question 30

What are the actions of the anterior muscles of the arm?

Answer 30

flexion of the forearm

Question 31

What are the actions of the biceps brachii?

Answer 31

flexion of the arm supination of the forearm flexion of the forearm

Question 32

What are the actions of the brachialis

Answer 32

only flexion of the forearm

Question 33

What are the actions of the posterior muscles of the arm?

Answer 33

extension of the forearm

Question 34

What are the muscles in the posterior group of muscles of the arm?

Answer 34

triceps brachii | anconeous

Question 35

What are the actions of the triceps brachii

Answer 35

extension of forearm | extension of arm

Question 36

What are the actions of the anconeous muscle

Answer 36

extension of the forearm

Question 37

Describe the muscles of the forearm that move the hand and fingers

Answer 37

- divided into anterior and posterior groups | - antagonize each ther

Question 38

What are the actions of the anterior group of muscles of the forearm that move the hand and fingers?

Answer 38

- flexion of hand + fingers | - pronation of forearm

Question 39

What are the actions of the posterior group of muscles of the forearm that move the hand and fingers?

Answer 39

- extension of hand and fingers | - supination of the forearm

Question 40

What are the groups of the intrinsic muscles of the hand called?

Answer 40

- thenar eminence - hypothenar eminence - midpalmar (intermediate)

Question 41

Describe the thenar eminence

Answer 41

palpable bulge of muscles in lateral side of the hand | acts on the the thumb

Question 42

Describe the hypothenar eminence

Answer 42

palpable muscles in the medial side of the hand, | acts on the 5th finger

Question 43

describe the midpalmar

Answer 43

- inbetween thenar and hypothenar eminences - includes: interossei + lumbrical muscles - acts on add digits EXCEPT thumb

Question 44

What are the functions of the lower extremities?

Answer 44

- supporting body’s weight - maintaining the equilibrium - locomotion - kicking, jumping, running, walking etc.

Question 45

What groups are the muscles of the gluteal muscles divided into?

Answer 45

- gluteal muscles + tensor fasciae latae | - deep lateral rotators of the thigh

Question 46

What muscles do the gluteal muscles include?

Answer 46

- gluteus maximus - gluteus minimus - gluteus medius

Question 47

What are the actions of the gluteal muscles?

Answer 47

extension abduction lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 48

What is the ITB?

Answer 48

iliotibial band | tendon of the tensor facia latae and tendon of gluteus maximus

Question 49

Where does the ITB insert?

Answer 49

tibia

Question 50

How is the tensor fascia latae | + ITB placed?

Answer 50

laterally placed