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Basic Anatomy + Physiology > Lecture 8 - Muscles of the Appendicular Portion > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Muscles of the Appendicular Portion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the upper extremity?

A

movement

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2
Q

How is the scapula stabilized? Why does it need to be stabilized?

A

the scapula does not directly attach to the skeleton, the muscles act as antagonists to each other pulling in opposite directions to keep scapula immobile

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3
Q

What muscles are in the posterior group of the muscles that stabilize the scapula?

A

trapezius, rhomboid muscles, levator scapulae

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4
Q

What muscles are in the anterior group of muscles that stabilize the scapula?

A

pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

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5
Q

Describe the trapezius muscles

A
  • large, flat, triangular
  • extends from skull + vertebral column medically to the pectoral girdle laterally
  • most superficial of back muscles
  • for a diamond shape resembling a trapezoid
  • functions: shrugging, pulling back the shoulders, extension of the head, when head is fixed stabilizes scapula
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6
Q

Describe the rhomboid mucles

A
  • two muscles that are considered as one

- pulls the scapula towards the spine when pulling the shoulders backwards

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7
Q

Describe the Levator Scapulae

A
  • part of the posterior group of muscles that stabilize the scapula
  • extended from the cervical vertebrae to the scapula
  • elevates the scapula
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8
Q

Describe pectoralis minor

A
  • part of the anterior group of muscles
  • extended from the coracoid process of the scapula to the upper ribs
  • pulls the scapula anteriorly
  • an auxiliary muscles for inspiration
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9
Q

Describe the serratus anterior

A
  • part of the anterior group of muscles that stabilize the scapula
  • antagonist to the rhomboid muscles
  • auxiliary muscles for inspiration
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10
Q

What is the other name for the rotator cuff?

A

musculotendinous cuff

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11
Q

What is the rotator cuff

A

four muscles that pull the head of the numerous into the glenoid fossa during movements

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12
Q

What are the four muscles involved in the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus: abound the sponge of the scapula

Infraspinatus: below the spine of the scapula

Teres Minor: teres= round, tubular, sausage-like

Subscapularis: occupies subscapular fossa

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13
Q

How is the rotator cuff formed?

A

the tendons of the SITS form a complete circle around the shoulder joint

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14
Q

Which muscles of the rotator cuff rotate the humerous?

A

infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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15
Q

What muscles of the rotator cuff DO NOT rotate the humerous?

A

Supraspinatus

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16
Q

Which of the rotator cuff muscles are an abuductor of the arm?

A

supraspinatus

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17
Q

What group of muscles work in conjunction with the rotator cuff muscles to produce movements of the arm?

A

movers of the shoulder joint

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18
Q

What group of muscles does the deltoid muscles belong to?

A

part of the movers of the shoulder joint

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19
Q

What are the movements of the deltoid muscles?

A

flexion/extension
medial/lateral rotation
-abduction of the arm

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20
Q

Describe the pectoralis major

A
  • overlaps pectoralis minor
  • produces movements of the humerous in the hugging action
  • auxillary muscle for inspiration
  • part of the movers of the shoulder joint
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21
Q

What muscle is the widest muscle in the back?

A

latissimus dorsi

22
Q

What muscles produce movements of the humerous in the action of pulling something out of the back pocket?

A

latissimus dorsi and the teres major muscles

23
Q

Describe the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles

A

produce the movements of the humerous in the action of pulling something out of the back pocket

insert in the same place

part of the movers of the shoulder joint

24
Q

Where is the coracobrachiallis muscle located?

A

extended from the coracoid process of the scapula to the humerous

25
Q

What are the actions of the coracobrachiallis?

A

flexion + abduction of the arm

26
Q

What muscles are movers of the shoulder joint?

A 
deltoid mucles
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
teres major
coracobrachiallis
biceps brachii
triceps brachii
27
Q

What is the action of anterior muscles of the upper limb?

A

flexion

28
Q

What is the action of posterior muscles of the upper limb?

A

extension

29
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the arm?

A

biceps brachii

brachialis

30
Q

What are the actions of the anterior muscles of the arm?

A

flexion of the forearm

31
Q

What are the actions of the biceps brachii?

A

flexion of the arm
supination of the forearm
flexion of the forearm

32
Q

What are the actions of the brachialis

A

only flexion of the forearm

33
Q

What are the actions of the posterior muscles of the arm?

A

extension of the forearm

34
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior group of muscles of the arm?

A

triceps brachii

anconeous

35
Q

What are the actions of the triceps brachii

A

extension of forearm

extension of arm

36
Q

What are the actions of the anconeous muscle

A

extension of the forearm

37
Q

Describe the muscles of the forearm that move the hand and fingers

A
  • divided into anterior and posterior groups

- antagonize each ther

38
Q

What are the actions of the anterior group of muscles of the forearm that move the hand and fingers?

A
  • flexion of hand + fingers

- pronation of forearm

39
Q

What are the actions of the posterior group of muscles of the forearm that move the hand and fingers?

A
  • extension of hand and fingers

- supination of the forearm

40
Q

What are the groups of the intrinsic muscles of the hand called?

A
  • thenar eminence
  • hypothenar eminence
  • midpalmar (intermediate)
41
Q

Describe the thenar eminence

A

palpable bulge of muscles in lateral side of the hand

acts on the the thumb

42
Q

Describe the hypothenar eminence

A

palpable muscles in the medial side of the hand,

acts on the 5th finger

43
Q

describe the midpalmar

A
  • inbetween thenar and hypothenar eminences
  • includes: interossei + lumbrical muscles
  • acts on add digits EXCEPT thumb
44
Q

What are the functions of the lower extremities?

A
  • supporting body’s weight
  • maintaining the equilibrium
  • locomotion
  • kicking, jumping, running, walking etc.
45
Q

What groups are the muscles of the gluteal muscles divided into?

A
  • gluteal muscles + tensor fasciae latae

- deep lateral rotators of the thigh

46
Q

What muscles do the gluteal muscles include?

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus minimus
  • gluteus medius
47
Q

What are the actions of the gluteal muscles?

A

extension
abduction
lateral rotation of the thigh

48
Q

What is the ITB?

A

iliotibial band

tendon of the tensor facia latae and tendon of gluteus maximus

49
Q

Where does the ITB insert?

A

tibia

50
Q

How is the tensor fascia latae

+ ITB placed?

A

laterally placed

Basic Anatomy + Physiology (5 decks)

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