Lecture 8 Reproductive Health

Question 1

how does body temp indicate conception

Answer 1

Basal body temperature that stays high for two weeks after ovulation indicates the probability that conception has occurred

Question 2

what do pregnancy tests detect

Answer 2

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Question 3

how is delivery date calculated

Answer 3

using Nagele’s rule, last menstruation, subtract 3 months, and add 7 days to calculate estimated due date

Question 4

what is the embryonic stage

Answer 4

the first 8 weeks of pregnancy

Question 5

what happens in the embryonic stage

Answer 5

placenta and amniotic sac develop

Question 6

what are the effects of pregnancy

Answer 6

tingling and fullness in breasts, nausea, tiredness and change in appetite

Question 7

when can fetal movement be detected

Answer 7

as early as 13-16 weeks or as late as 18-20 weeks

Question 8

when is the brain and nervous system complete

Answer 8

by the end of the seventh month

Question 9

what is sexuality like during pregnancy

Answer 9

A person can safely continue to have sex during their pregnancy until the start of labor
The male’s penis will not harm the fetus; it is protected by the amniotic sac and mucous plug in cervix

Question 10

what are delivery options

Answer 10

vaginal births with pharmacological pain management, vaginal birth with non pharmacological pain management, and C section

Question 11

what is the process of engagement

Answer 11

A few weeks before labor begins, the fetus turns so that the widest part of its head is against the woman’s pelvic bones

Question 12

what is effacement

Answer 12

thinning of the cervix

Question 13

what is referred to as “water breaking”

Answer 13

the amniotic sac rupturing

Question 14

what are non pharmacological techniques used for childbirth

Answer 14

birthing balls, controlled breathing, soaking in a tub, walking around, using massage or distraction techniques, TENS machine use, hypnosis

Question 15

what are the type of pharmacological drugs used for birth

Answer 15

tranquilizers and narcotics, epidurals or spinal blocks

Question 16

what is the first stage of birth

Answer 16

contractions help efface and dilate th cervix

Question 17

what is the early phase of the first stage

Answer 17

dilation to 4 cm

Question 18

what is the active phase of the first stage

Answer 18

dilation to 8 cm

Question 19

what is the transition phase of the first stage

Answer 19

dilation fully to 10 cm

Question 20

what occurs in stage 2 of pregnancy

Answer 20

the baby’s head begins to move into the vagina, it ends with the birth of the baby

Question 21

what occurs in stage 3 of pregnancy

Answer 21

Placenta detaches from the uterine walls and is expelled with other material called “afterbirth”

Question 22

what are the reasons for a C section

Answer 22

Baby is too large
Mother’s pelvis is too narrow
Baby is in a breech or transverse position
Umbilical cord will pass through the cervix before the baby

Question 23

what is a C section

Answer 23

The baby is delivered through an incision made through the abdomen and wall of the uterus

Question 24

what medication does the infant receive after birth

Answer 24

Infant receives an injection of vitamin K to ensure that blood will clot normally

Question 25

what is postpartum emotional issues

Answer 25

Birthing parents experience many psychological and physiological changes after birth as levels of estrogen and progesterone slowly return to pre-pregnancy levels

Question 26

what are the three postpartum conditions

Answer 26

postpartum blues, postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis

Question 27

when is it safe for sexuality during the postpartum period

Answer 27

at least six weeks

Question 28

how long can breastfeeding continue up to

Answer 28

two years

Question 29

what was found in the Masters and Johnson study

Answer 29

women who breastfed their babies had higher levels of sexual interest in the months after delivery

Question 30

what does breastfeeding help to do

Answer 30

helps the uterus return to its pre-pregnancy size and shape due to oxytocin

Question 31

when do most miscarriages happen

Answer 31

within the first 20 weeks

Question 32

what is Rh incompatibility

Answer 32

occurs hen the woman has Rh- negative blood and the fetus has Rh-positive blood

Question 33

what can Rh cause

Answer 33

it can lead to fetal anemia, intellectual disability, or death

Question 34

what are the three types of hypertension

Answer 34

pregnancy induced hypertension is simply high blood pressure associated with pregnancy, pre-eclampsia includes edema, eclampsia may result if uncontrolled and may lead to convulsions, coma, and even death

Question 35

what may cause congenital anomalies

Answer 35

genetics (down syndrome), maternal illness or infection, use of drugs or alcohol

Question 36

what can help reduce the incidence of congenital abnormalities

Answer 36

folic acid supplements in the three months before conception and in the first trimester

Question 37

how can congenital anomalies be detected

Answer 37

screening for elevated levels of glycoprotein alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the mothers blood

Question 38

when is a baby considered preterm

Answer 38

before 37 weeks of gestation

Question 39

what is anoxia

Answer 39

oxygen deprivation which a result from the umbilical cord can be compressed as the baby passes through birth canal

Question 40

what can prolonged anoxia lead to

Answer 40

cerebral palsy, brain damage, intellectual disability, and death

Question 41

what is a still birth

Answer 41

when a baby is born dead any time after 28 weeks gestation and weighs at least 500 grams

Question 42

what is the rate of maternal mortality

Answer 42

830 women die from pregnancy

Question 43

what are the psychological and social consequences of infertility

Answer 43

anger, confusion, sadness, anxiety, shame, depression, insecurity, inadequacy

Question 44

what regulated treatment of infertility

Answer 44

the assisted human reproduction act in Canada

Question 45

what is artificial insemination

Answer 45

a thin, flexible catheter inserts sperm directly into vagina or uterus

Question 46

what is in vitro fertilization

Answer 46

eggs are surgically removed from the ovaries, eggs are then fertilized with sperm in the laboratory, the fertilized egg is injected into the birthing parents' uterus or cervix

Question 47

what is gamete intrafallopian transfer

Answer 47

eggs and sperm are collected and deposited directly into woman's Fallopian tubes

Question 48

what is zygote intrafallopian transfer

Answer 48

a fertilized egg is transferred directly to a Fallopian tube to allow for natural implantation

Question 49

what is surrogacy

Answer 49

a woman outside of the couple will become pregnant through any of the procedures mentioned above and deliver a baby to term

Question 50

what was examples of contraceptions

Answer 50

against fertilization, examples are condoms and the pill

Question 51

what are examples of contragestion

Answer 51

against gestation, examples of IUD

Question 52

what is Dr Henry Morgentaler known for

Answer 52

he challenged abortion law and provided sae, illegal abortions to women