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PVM III > Lecture 8: Swine Production Medicine > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Swine Production Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most widely eaten meat in the world

A

Pork

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2
Q

What are some useful by products of swine production

A
  1. Suede
  2. Gelatin
  3. Biological- insulin, epi, heparin, progesterone, oxytocin, melatonin
  4. Xenotransplantation
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3
Q

What are the 5 different swine production operations

A
  1. Farrow to finish
  2. Farrow to wean
  3. Farrow to feeder
  4. Feeder to finish
  5. Nursery
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4
Q

What is the farrow to finish swine production

A

Raise pigs from birth to slaughter (270-285lbs)

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5
Q

What is the farrow to wean swine production

A

Piglets sold immediately after weaning (3 weeks, 12-14lbs)

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6
Q

What is the farrow to feeder swine production

A

Piglets born, raised, weaned and fed until feeder weight then sold to finisher operations

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7
Q

What is the feeder to finish swine production

A

Feeder pigs fed to slaughter weight, sold to processors

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8
Q

What are pigs fed to achieve slaughter weight

A

Corn and soybean meal for 4 months

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9
Q

What is the nursery swine production

A

Weaned pigs raised until 40lbs, sold to finishing operations

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10
Q

Which operation requires the most labor and feed costs

A

Farrow to finish

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11
Q

What are the 3 common housing options for swine

A
  1. Pastured swine
  2. Hoop barns
  3. Confinement systems
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12
Q

What pig breed is known for being a “lawn mower” and does well on pasture diet

A

Kunekune

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13
Q

Hoop barns are generally used for what type of swine production operations

A

Feeder to finishing

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14
Q

Which swine housing system is best as biosecurity practices

A

Confinement systems- temperature control, airflow, and waste management

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15
Q

What is the most costly swine housing option

A

Confinement system

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16
Q

What is all-in, all-out and what is the purpose

A

Common practice in swine herds

All-in: pigs grouped by age and brought into unit together

All-out: pigs in that group move to next stage together

Allows facility to be emptied and disinfected all at once—>great biosecurity measure

17
Q

What is evaluated in breeding stock

A
  1. Rate of gain
  2. Conformation- dystocia risk
  3. # of teats
18
Q

What is the gestation length in pigs

A

3 months, 3 weeks and 3 days

19
Q

How many liters to pigs have/year

A

2

20
Q

How many piglets to a litter

A

11+

21
Q

When are gilts bred

A

29 weeks old (7 months)

22
Q

When are sows bred after last farrowing

A

1 week post weaning

23
Q

When are pigs moved into farrowing unit

A

1 week before farrowing

24
Q

How long is lactation period for swine

A

3 weeks

25
Q

When are piglets weaned

A

3 weeks

26
Q

What are some welfare debates regarding farrowing crates

A
  1. Limits expression of normal behavior
  2. Pressure sores
  3. Arthritis
  4. Lack of rubber padding
27
Q

Why do we have farrowing crates if controversial

A

Protect piglets from being squished by their mom

28
Q

What is CA-proposition 12

A

Can’t use gestation crates if you want to sell pork to California

  • no closures that inhibit: lying down, standing up, limb extension, and turning around
  • can only put pig in farrowing crate 5 days before due date

24 square feet per pig

29
Q

Piglets require environment up to __degrees F

A

90-95 degrees F

30
Q

Neonate deaths occur in the first __ days of life, usually from ___

A

4 days from crushing

31
Q

What takes place in weaning of piglet

A
  1. Occurs at 3-4 weeks old
  2. Introduce solid pelleted feed (creep feed)
  3. Introduce portable spigot or nipple watered
  4. Nursery groups
32
Q

When group do post weaning pigs go into

A

Nursery

33
Q

What happens during nursery period

A
  1. Transition from creep feed/milk to grain based diet
  2. Commingle 2-3 liters
34
Q

At what stage in pigs life are they are highest risk of infectious disease

A

Nursery, most stressful

35
Q

What is the goal weight to be attained in nursery

A

40-60lbs so they can go to feeder operation

36
Q

Why are piglets in the nursery so susceptible to disease

A
  1. Stress from weaning
  2. Decreasing Ig’s from colostrum
  3. Commingling of groups
  4. Dietary changes
37
Q

What is the goal weight during feeder/finisher

A

280lbs

38
Q

At what age is goal weight in pigs achieved at feeder/finisher

A

6 months

39
Q

Keys to profit

A
  1. Maintain biosecurity
  2. Management (breeding, nutrition, crushing/injuries)
  3. Low cost feed
  4. High market prices

PVM III (12 decks)

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