Lecture 8 Textbook

Question 1

What is anorexia nervosa?

Answer 1

An eating disorder involving extreme food restriction, fear of weight gain, and body image distortion.

Question 2

What are the 3 DSM-5 criteria for anorexia nervosa?

Answer 2

1) Restricted intake → low body weight, 2) fear of gaining weight, 3) distorted body perception.

Question 3

What are the two types of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 3

Restricting type and binge-eating/purging type.

Question 4

What is the restricting type of anorexia?

Answer 4

Eating very little, avoiding food in public, and hiding eating habits.

Question 5

What is the binge-eating/purging type?

Answer 5

Involves eating large amounts then purging (e.g., vomiting, laxatives).

Question 6

Why do patients with anorexia sometimes drink lots of water before weighing?

Answer 6

To falsely increase their weight on scales.

Question 7

What change did DSM-5 make regarding menstruation in anorexia diagnosis?

Answer 7

Amenorrhea is no longer required for diagnosis.

Question 8

Why were laws introduced in countries like France and Israel?

Answer 8

To prevent the use of underweight models and promote healthier standards

Question 9

What defines bulimia nervosa?

Answer 9

Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting, laxatives, or excessive exercise.

Question 10

What is the main difference between bulimia nervosa and BED?

Answer 10

BED does not involve purging or compensatory behaviors.

Question 11

What is required for a bulimia diagnosis in DSM-5?

Answer 11

Binge-purge episodes at least once a week for 3 months.

Question 12

What are typical emotions after a binge in bulimia nervosa?

Answer 12

Shame, guilt, self-disgust, and efforts to regain control through purging.

Question 13

What are key signs of binge-eating disorder (BED)?

Answer 13

Eating rapidly, until uncomfortably full, alone out of embarrassment, and feeling distressed.

Question 14

What is the typical body weight of someone with BED?

Answer 14

Often overweight or obese.

Question 15

Does BED include purging?

Answer 15

No, it does not involve purging or compensatory behaviors.

Question 16

Which age group is most affected by BED?

Answer 16

Adults aged 30–50.

Question 17

How do eating disorders differ between genders?

Answer 17

Men often aim for muscularity, not thinness. Gay men have higher risk.

Question 18

What is Purging Disorder?

Answer 18

Purging behaviors without binge eating.

Question 19

What is ARFID?

Answer 19

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder – restriction due to sensory fears, not body image.

Question 20

What’s the most common eating disorder?

Answer 20

Binge-Eating Disorder (BED).

Question 21

Which eating disorder has the highest mortality?

Answer 21

Anorexia nervosa.

Question 22

What are medical complications of anorexia?

Answer 22

Heart failure, brittle bones, electrolyte imbalances, hormone issues, and cognitive problems.

Question 23

How does anorexia affect the body?

Answer 23

It weakens almost all systems—heart, brain, hormones, bones, skin, kidneys.

Question 24

What are common medical consequences of bulimia?

Answer 24

Tooth decay, electrolyte imbalance, swollen glands, heart issues.

Question 25

What is the second most common cause of death in anorexia?

Answer 25

Suicide.

Question 26

What percentage of anorexia patients recovered after 22 years?

Answer 26

Around 62.8%.

Question 27

Can eating disorders shift between types?

Answer 27

Yes, e.g., AN-R ↔ AN-BP, AN-BP → BN, BN → BED.

Question 28

What are common comorbid disorders with eating disorders?

Answer 28

Depression, OCD, substance abuse, and personality disorders.

Question 29

What cluster of personality disorders is linked to anorexia and bulimia?

Answer 29

Cluster C (anxious/avoidant); Cluster B (e.g., borderline) for bulimia.

Question 30

Is starvation linked to personality changes?

Answer 30

Yes, it increases obsessionality and irritability.

Question 31

How do cultural expressions of eating disorders differ?

Answer 31

Some focus on spiritual purity or physical discomfort rather than weight.

Question 32

What is the “healthy immigrant effect”?

Answer 32

Migrants often show lower rates and severity of eating disorders due to less exposure to Western ideals.

Question 33

Is anorexia a culture-bound disorder?

Answer 33

No—it occurs worldwide, though culture shapes how it is expressed.

Question 34

What biological factor increases risk for anorexia and bulimia?

Answer 34

Having a family history; eating disorders run in families.

Question 35

What brain area controls hunger and satiety?

Answer 35

The hypothalamus (lateral = eat; ventromedial = stop eating).

Question 36

What does the set-point theory suggest?

Answer 36

Our body resists weight changes and tries to return to a default weight.

Question 37

What neurotransmitter is linked to eating disorders?

Answer 37

Serotonin – low levels linked to anorexia; altered levels post-recovery.

Question 38

What is reward sensitivity?

Answer 38

How strongly people respond to food rewards. High sensitivity → binge; low → anorexia.

Question 39

What are 5-HIAA (serotonin metabolite) levels like in anorexia vs. bulimia?

Answer 39

Low in anorexia (during illness); normal in bulimia; high after recovery.

Question 40

How do sociocultural factors influence eating disorders?

Answer 40

Media and fashion promote thinness as the ideal, increasing body dissatisfaction.

Question 41

What family traits are linked to eating disorders?

Answer 41

Poor communication, high standards, criticism, appearance focus.

Question 42

What is the link between perfectionism and eating disorders?

Answer 42

Perfectionism is common in anorexia/bulimia and may be genetic.

Question 43

What is internalizing the thin ideal?

Answer 43

Believing being thin = success or beauty; increases eating disorder risk.

Question 44

What is the strongest predictor of eating disorders?

Answer 44

Body dissatisfaction.

Question 45

What is the link between dieting and eating disorders?

Answer 45

Dieting can lead to disordered eating, especially in those with low self-esteem or depression.

Question 46

What role does negative emotion play in eating disorders?

Answer 46

Triggers restrictive eating in anorexia and binge eating in BED

Question 47

Which medication helps with distorted body image in anorexia?

Answer 47

Olanzapine (an antipsychotic).

Question 48

What is the Maudsley model of treatment?

Answer 48

Family therapy for adolescents with anorexia; involves 10–20 sessions, focusing on weight restoration and family support.

Question 49

Why is treatment hard for anorexia patients?

Answer 49

They often resist help and drop out of therapy.

Question 50

What is CBT most effective for?

Answer 50

Treating bulimia nervosa by changing distorted thoughts and normalizing eating.

Question 51

Why is CBT less effective for anorexia?

Answer 51

Due to the extreme cognitive rigidity in anorexia, full recovery rates are low.

Question 52

What is CBT-E?

Answer 52

Enhanced CBT tailored for mixed symptoms; includes broader emotional and interpersonal issues.

Question 53

What are the benefits of CBT-E over IPT?

Answer 53

Higher remission (66% vs. 33%) and better outcomes at 1-year follow-up.

Question 54

What medications are used for eating disorders?

Answer 54

Antidepressants—reduce bingeing and improve mood in bulimia and BED.

Question 55

What is IPT used for?

Answer 55

Treats mood and interpersonal issues; helpful in BED, especially among minorities.

Question 56

What is DBT used for in eating disorders?

Answer 56

Regulates emotions in people who binge eat due to distress.