Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Subcortical attentional System is responsible for ______

A

Alerting.
primitive, general level of arousal and alerting.

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2
Q

Posterior attentional System is responsible for ______

A

Orienting.
Direction of attention in space; based on sensory information.

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3
Q

Anterior attentional System is responsible for ______

A

Executive Control
Sustain attention to objects or events, select based on abstract information; switch among tasks.

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4
Q

Anterior cingulate cortexโ€™s function

A

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉื‘ ืฉืœื ื•, ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื• evaluation

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5
Q

Orbitofrontal cortexโ€™s function

A

ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื”: ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื˜ืœื” ืœืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืื• ืœื.

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6
Q

Vigilance tasks (tonic alerting)

A

ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืžืกืš ื•ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ื›ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฆื”ื•ื‘.
ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืงืฉื‘ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉืš.

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7
Q

Cueing tasks - warning (phasic alerting)

A

ืจื•ืื™ื ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืงื•ืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืœื”.

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8
Q

The locus coeruleus

A

Very important for the subcortical alerting system

is activated following a warning signal, sympathetic system, fight or flight, reflexes.

ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืคื ืคืจื™ืŸ ื•ื ื•ื™ืจื• ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจื ื•ืช.

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9
Q

RH is involved in _____, while LH is involved in _______

A

Slower, tonic alerting
Rapid, phasic alerting

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10
Q

Tonic & neurotransmitters means:

A

ื”ืจืžื” ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื”

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11
Q

Phasic & neurotransmitters means:

A

ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืชืœื•ื™ืช ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืงืฆื‘ื™ืช

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12
Q

Interparietal sulcusโ€™s role in attention

A

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชืžืงืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘

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13
Q

TPJโ€™s role in attention

A

Circuit breaker: breaking the focus of attention on invalid trials.
Perspective taking

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14
Q

Anticholinergic drugs

A

ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฆื™ื”
injected into the parietal lobe have large effects
on the ability to shift attention to the target.

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15
Q

What ability is needed to perform well on Stroop?

A

Inhibitory control including inhibiting automatic/ prepotent response.

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16
Q

Anterior executive function system in terms of neuroanatomy:

A
  • The frontoparietal network (moment-to-moment task)
  • The Cingulo-opercular network (task maintenance)
17
Q

Types of Executive Functions/ this meta-cognitive control system includes:

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Response Inhibition
  3. Planning
  4. Flexibility
  5. Self-monitoring
18
Q

Ventromedial lesion results in

A

Problems with Initiation (start behaviour)
Apathy
Lack of drive
Problems with fluency (Fluency Task)

19
Q

Orbitofrontal lesion results in

A

Response inhibition (to stop automatic behavior)
Impulsivity
Stimulus bound/ utilization behaviour (i.e., appropriate
usage of an object by a patient, however, at an inappropriate situation)
Perseveration

20
Q

DLPFC lesion results in

A

Problem in Planning
No sense of timing
Disorganized
Difficulty working toward distant goals
Sequencing
Task persistence
Distractible, uncompleted tasks
Caught in irrelevant information

Problems in Flexibility
Problem solving, Creativity
Rigid, narrow thinking
Difficulty understanding otherโ€™s perspectives
Inability to generate novel ideas

21
Q

Error related negativity (ERN)

A

ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื“ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ื˜ืขื•ืช.
ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘- ERP ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื•
ืื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
Anterior cingulate gyrus

22
Q

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus lesion results in

A

Monitoring and evaluation:
Inability to detect and respond to errors
Difficulty incorporating external feedback
No awareness to self and abilities
ืžืื™ื˜ื™ื, ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” - error + 1 trial

23
Q

Gratton effect

A

a lower interference effect after an incongruent trial compared to the effect after a congruent trial.
ืžืื™ื˜ื™ื, ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” - error + 1 trial ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื ื˜ืจ

24
Q

Validity effect (Posner cueing task)

A

= RT invalid - RT valid
ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ื˜ืขื™ื”. ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ื›ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื” ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฆื™ื”.

25
Q

ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”

A

Valid - neutral

26
Q

ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื” ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”

A

Invalid - neutral