Lecture 9 Flashcards
What triggered rising interest in STN research?
In 1997 FDA approved DBS for essential tremor, PD, and dystonia on the STN.
What is the STN a part of?
Basal ganglia
What behaviours is the BG crucial for?
Motor and decision making behaviour
What was the first target of DBS?
Globus pallidus
Where does the STN receive input from?
Directly from the cortex or indirectly from the cortex through the basal ganglia
What is the internal structure of the STN like?
Most common model for human STN: motor part (dorsal), associative (middle), limbic (ventral)
Which part of the STN do we want to stimulate in PD patients?
Motor
What happens when DBS is done a bit too deep at the limbic part?
Hypersexuality, suicidal behaviour
First, the 3 subdivisions in the STN were found in how many of the sample STNs?
25%
Tracing studies give you info about…
Anatomical detail and which area projects to which area
Cytoarchitectural approaches
Microscopy approach, gives detail about anatomical detail, and info about the chemical properties of a cell population
structural mri gives …
in vivo info about the anatomy
fmri gives info about …
how the brain works (can be overlayed with anatomical info)
Tracing studies of STN provide evidence for ..
topographical organization without strict anatomical borders
Cytoarchitecture of STN provides evidence for …
complex organization of neuronal populations without clear anatomical borders between subdivisions
Is the STN a homogeneous structure?
No
Functional segregation
neuronal cell types move apart during development, depending on the specializations they acquire
How many subdivisions were found in Anneke’s study of the STN?
10
Can you study the structure of the STN in vivo?
Not really, you’d end up with very few STN with MRI
How many brain structures are there to investigate (deep in the brain)?
455
How many deep-brain structures are mapped with MRI?
7%
How many sections of the brain were cut for the recreation of the brain?
800-900
What are different stains for?
Nissl stain: cell bodies (cytoarchitecture)
Hematoxylin and eosin: pathology
Calcium binding proteins: anatomical detail
Myelin/axon stains: myeloarchitecture
