Lecture 9 Flashcards
There are 3 main zones where Neural stem cells reside:
- ________ ____
- Hippocampal _______ ____
- 3rd _______.
Subventricular Zone
Subgranular Zone
3rd Ventricle
While the stem cells in the SVZ can give rise to ______, neurons, and astrocytes, those of the Hippocampal subgranular zone can only give rise to neurons and ______.
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
In the rat brain, the stem cells from the _____ move along the rostral migratory stream via “chain migration” to the ______ bulb where they travel laterally and become inhibitory _______ (produce GABA.) This is contrary to human brains in that at about ____ months of development, the production of gial cells and ______ as well as the migration seems to cease.
SVZ
Olfactory bulb
Interneurons
Interneurons
18 months
The SVZ stem cells contact both the ____ and blood vessels. This is what defines the niche for these stem cells.
CSF
In rodent models, ____ cells in the SGZ of the hippocampus give rise to horizontal cells that divide and form progenitors which give rise to new neurons.
Radial
It has been shown via the Morris water maze test, that ______ increases neurogenesis via increases in trophic factors (not directly by greater proliferation.) Other studies have found socialization, antidepressants, and enrichment do the same.
Exercise
DCX, double cortin, is a microtuble associate protein that’s highly enriched in _____. Detecting this suggests the neuronal cells are dividing. It’s been found that these cells in undamaged brains are localized to the _____, but in stroke models, they migrate out through the ventricle and into the striatum.
Neuroblasts
SVZ
In both young and adult rodent stroke models, the BrdU+/Calretinin+ _______ were found in the lesion area, as opposed to the types of neurons that had been killed off from the stroke. This suggested the cells that migrated from the SVZ still formed _____, though their destination was not the olfactory bulb this time.
Interneurons
Interneurons
In disease models, neural stem cells respond to trophic factors produced in the disease state by favoring ________ rather than oligogliogenesis.
Astrogliogenesis.
Some of the postulated mechs of recovery following stem cell treatment include:
- _____ modulation
- reducing _____ via production of trophic factors
- increasing _____ (VEGF)
- Enhancing _____ remodeling
Immune modulation
Apoptosis
Angiogenesis
Synaptic remodeling
Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) are identified as Nestin+/____-1 -, while Progenitor cells are Nestin+/____-1+
Mash-1 -
Mash-1+
One study showed use of more primitive _____ cells as opposed to ____ cells produced a greater engraftment.
VZ
SVZ
New cells produced from SVZ transplantation were mostly ______, while the VZ transplantation yielded cells positive for ____ (neurons) and GFAP (____ cells.) One of the issues was that the transplanted cells in both cases migrated only to the margins of the lesion.
NeuN (neurons)
GFAP (Glial cells)
Chitosan droplets can be used as a scoffold. Attached to the droplets were _____ molecules that bind growth factors (i.e. FGF2 - used to propagate neural stem cells). _____ molecules help neural stem cells attach to the scaffold.
Heparin
Fibronectin
