Lecture 9

Question 1

Epithelium is called _____ if one cell thick, _____ if more than one layer

Answer 1

simple, stratified

Question 2

Epithelium is _______ if elongated at right angles to the surface, _______ if square in profile, _______ if flattened parallel to the surface

Answer 2

columnar, cuboidal, squamous

Question 3

T/F - in stratified epithelium, cells usually divide in the layer closest to the basement membrane & then move towards the surface where they are sloughed.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F - blood vessels usually penetrates epithelia with nerves

Answer 4

False, do not usually

Question 5

______ - a protective modification in stratified squamous epithelia where the surface cells consist either wholly or partly of a proteinaceous material called _____

Answer 5

keratinization, keratin

Question 6

Cells flatten as they move through the layers of epithelium & manufacture the precursors to keratin (_______ & _____)

Answer 6

tonofilaments, keratohyalin granules

Question 7

If keratinization is complete, then the ________________________ including the ____ die.

Answer 7

organelles in the superficial layers, nuclei,

Question 8

T/F - cellular structures are retained and desmosomes persist until the cells shed from the surface

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Complete keratinisation is found in regions of high wear & tear & the epithelium is described as ___________.

Answer 9

Orthokeratinised

Question 10

If keratinization is partial & some organelles & the nuclei are retained in superficial layers then the epithelium is __________.

Answer 10

Parakeratinised

Question 11

If no keratinisation occur then the epithelium is called ___________.

Answer 11

Non keratinised

Question 12

T/F - recognise orthokeratinisation by all organelles including nuclei lost

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F - recognise parakeratinisation with flattened nuclei but functional

Answer 13

False

Question 14

T/F - recognise non-keratinisation with nuclei retained but very flattened & inactive

Answer 14

False

Question 15

T/F - the enamel organ (an epithelial structure) incorporates capillaries during the formation of dentine & enamel

Answer 15

True

Question 16

T/F - Epithelial-connective tissue junction is a basal lamina/basement membrane that separates epithelia from connective tissue

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F - epithelial connective tissue junction in stratified squamous epithelia is no folded, and is usually flat.

Answer 17

False, it is folded not flat,

Question 18

Connective tissue protrusions are called ________ ______ (dermal papillae in skin).

Answer 18

Proprial papillae

Question 19

Epithelial folds between the proprial papillae are _____ ____.

Answer 19

Rete pegs

Question 20

Proprial papillae may incorporate sensory structures: _________

Answer 20

Meissners corpuscles (nerve endings plus supporting cells)

Question 21

Basement membrane is a ____ ________ structure which is immediately below the deepest cells of an epithelium.

Answer 21

thin, amorphous

Question 22

The term ___________ is used to describe a layer beneath the epithelium which has a complex composition (_______,_______) but amorphous appearance.

Answer 22

basal lamina, proteoglycans, glycoproteins,

Question 23

The term ______ _____ includes associated collagen, providing attachment & to some extent acts as a semipermeable barrier between epithelium & CT.

Answer 23

Basement membrane

Question 24

Connective tissue beneath the epidermis is called __________________________.

Answer 24

Lamina propria in mucosa & dermis in skin.

Question 25

If a second deeper layer is present in CT, it is called _________ in mucosae or hypodermis in skin.

Answer 25

Submucosa

Question 26

T/F - submucosa may contain glands &/or fat.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

T/F - Blood vessels & nerves are always a feature of the connective tissue beneath the epithelium & there may also be glands & in the case of skin, skin appendages.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

List the layers of the oral mucosa

Answer 28

- basement membrane (basal lamina) - lamina propria (connective tissue) - sometimes submucosa (junction between mucosa and submucosa not easy to recognise)

Question 29

T/F - If submucosa is absent , the lamina propria connects directly to mucoperiosteum.

Answer 29

False, LP connects to the periosteum directly if no submucosa.

Question 30

Masticatory mucosa is located in _______ & ______.

Answer 30

Gingivae, hard palate

Question 31

T/F - masticatory mucosa is thick

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F - Masticatory mucosa can be ortho or parakeratinised

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Junction between epithelium & lamina propria is characterized by _____ ______ ______ & ____ ____ - to help resist shearing forces

Answer 33

deep proprial papillae, rete pegs

Question 34

Lamina propria is generally ______ ______ ______ ______.

Answer 34

Dense collagenous connective tissue.

Question 35

T/F - the gingiva has a submucosa which is firmly attached to periosteum of bone

Answer 35

False, it lacks submucosa, and mucosa attaches to periosteum of bone.

Question 36

T/F - (hard palate) submucosa is present on lingual gingivae and in midline raphe (elevation.)

Answer 36

False, submucosa is absent on lingual gingivae

Question 37

T/F - (hard palate) submucosa with fat & salivary glands is absent between gingivae & raphe

Answer 37

False, submucosa is present

Question 38

T/F - submucosa overlies palatine neurovascular bundles (greater palatine nerves, nasopalatine nerves & accompanying palatine arteries.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Name the lining mucosa according to lovaction

Answer 39

- Buccal mucosa - Labial mucosa - Alveolar mucosa - Soft palate, - ventral surface of tongue

Question 40

T/F - soft palate has thick mucosa, whilst buccal and labial mucosa are thin

Answer 40

False, other way around

Question 41

T/F - Lining mucosa is generally keratinized

Answer 41

False, generally non keratinized

Question 42

T/F - Lining mucosa generally has a submucosa

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T/F - Specialised mucosa is located on dorsal surface of tongue (presence of taste buds)

Answer 43

True

Question 44

T/F - Dorsal tongue has thin keratinized simple squamous epithelium

Answer 44

False, it has thick, stratified

Question 45

List the lingual papillae of dorsal tongue

Answer 45

- filiform - fungiform - foliate - vallate

Question 46

T/F - lingual papillae are small elevations on the ventral surface of the tongue consisting of epithelium & some lamina propria

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Taste buds are ________ structures with cells oriented differently to the adjacent epithelium. Opening into taste bud is __________, the space beneath the pore & above the cells is the _________.

Answer 47

intraepithelial, Taste pore, taste pit,

Question 48

T/F - Taste buds are found on lingual, vallate, fungiform lingual and filiform papillae.

Answer 48

False, they are found on every papillae, except filiform.

Question 49

List the three cell types consisting in Taste buds

Answer 49

- Neuroepithelial/sensory cells - Supporting cells - Basal cells

Question 50

T/F - Neuroepithelial sensory cells are elongated with an apical microvillus, extending from basement membrane to taste pit.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

T/F - Supporting cells are not elongated & not difficult to distinguish from the neuroepithelial cells

Answer 51

False, they are elongated and difficult to distinguish

Question 52

T/F - Only neuroepithelial cells not supporting cells have elongated nuclei & extend from basement membrane to taste pit.

Answer 52

False, both cells have these properties

Question 53

T/F - Turnover time for both neuroepithelial cells and supporting cells is about 10 days

Answer 53

True

Question 54

T/F - Basal cells are adjacent to basement membrane and extends to taste pit.

Answer 54

False, they do not extend to taste pit.

Question 55

Function of basal cells?

Answer 55

probably a reserve population of cells

Question 56

T/F - Basal cells have rounded nuclei adjacent to the basement membrane.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

The bulk of the tongue is ___________ (not cellular when fully formed). The precursor cells called _______ fuse to form a multinucleate masses of cytoplasm called ______ which are the muscle fibres. When this happens the nuclei relocate to the edges of the _______. The peripheral nuclei are used to distinguish ________ from smooth muscle which retains its cellular form with nuclei centrally positioned within the cells.

Answer 57

Skeletal muscle, myocytes, syncytia, synctium, skeletal muscle

Question 58

T/F - Serous intrinsic salivary glands | (of Von Ebner) are situated between bundles of smooth muscle.

Answer 58

False, skeletal muscle

Question 59

T/F - glands of von ebner consist of serous secreting endpieces emptying into branched ducts which open into sulci (indentations) between papillae or into vallum (moat) around vallate papillae.

Answer 59

True

Question 60

T/F - The tongue has mucous intrinsic glands which dominate the anterior part of the tongue.

Answer 60

False, they dominate the pharyngeal/postsulcal part of the tongue

Question 61

T/F - Ventral tongue is thick usually non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (thinner than dorsal) with a rough surface

Answer 61

False, it has a smooth surface.

Question 62

T/F - extrinsic salivary glands all develop as outgrowths from the developing oral cavity.

Answer 62

True

Question 63

T/F - Extrinsic salivary glands are all lobulated glands

Answer 63

True

Question 64

Extrinsic salivary glands consist of groups of hollow ___________________, each surrounded by a small amount of connective tissue.

Answer 64

Secretory endpieces called acini

Question 65

T/F - The epithelium of secretory endpieces consists of either serous or mucous secreting cells or a mix of the two.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

T/F - each secretory endpiece empties into a small duct, which in turn coalesce into even smaller ducts

Answer 66

False, even larger ducts

Question 67

T/F - extrinsic salivary glands ducts are lined with columnar epithelium

Answer 67

False, simple epithelium.

Question 68

Extrinsic salivary glands are collectively called _______ if they are within a lobule. They are also excretory ducts mostly located in ___________.

Answer 68

intralobular, interlobular connective tissue

Question 69

List two types of intralobular ducts:

Answer 69

- intercalated ducts | - striated ducts

Question 70

T/F - intercalated ducts are the smallest ducts and drain the acini, having a smaller diameter than the acini.

Answer 70

True

Question 71

T/F - intercalated ducts are lined with columnar epithelium, and a number of these coalesce to form larger striated ducts.

Answer 71

False, they are lined with flattened or cuboidal epithelium.

Question 72

T/F - striated ducts are lined with cuboidal cells which stain deep pink (due to numerous mitochondria, which are also responsible for the poorly resolved striations seen in LM).

Answer 72

False, they are columnar cells

Question 73

T/F - striated ducts modify the composition of saliva.

Answer 73

True

Question 74

__________ in turn form when a number of striated ducts coalesce. They are as large or larger that the striated ducts & lack their deep pink staining. They ____________________________________.

Answer 74

Excretory ducts, run initially in the sparse intralobular connective & then through the connective tissue between the lobules.

Question 75

T/F - Excretory ducts coalesce to form the minor ducts that drain into the oral cavity or vestibule.

Answer 75

False, they form the main ducts

Question 76

_________ - a connective/fascia concentration surrounding ENTIRE extrinsic salivary gland (parotid & submandibular only).

Answer 76

Capsule

Question 77

T/F - the capsule in both parotid and submandibular glands is part of the investing layer of deep cervical fascia.

Answer 77

True

Question 78

T/F - the sublingual salivary gland is immediately below the oral mucosa and has a capsule.

Answer 78

False, it does not have a capsule.

Question 79

List the individual salivary glands

Answer 79

- Parotid - submandibular - sublingual

Question 80

T/F - parotid gland is completely serous

Answer 80

True

Question 81

T/F - submandibular gland is mostly mucous cells

Answer 81

False, mostly serous acini plus acini with mixed serous and mucous cells

Question 82

T/F - sublingual gland is mostly serous cells

Answer 82

False, mostly mucous, some acini have a mix of serous & mucous, purely serous acini are rare

Question 83

T/F - intrinsic salivary glands within oral mucosa

Answer 83

True

Question 84

T/F - intrinsic salivary glands are classified according to location

Answer 84

True

Question 85

T/F - intrinsic glands are mostly serous except von Ebners which are mucus

Answer 85

False, they are mostly mucus, von ebners are serous

Question 86

T/F - intrinsic salivary glands have secretory acini which empty into a long duct which passes through the oral mucosa

Answer 86

False, its a short duct

Question 87

T/F - intrinsic salivary glands lack a capsule

Answer 87

True

Question 88

Lip includes skin of ______, ____ _______ & a specialized region in between skin & mucosa unique to humans called the _____ or ___ _____ or ____ ____ to the oral mucosa of the vestibule

Answer 88

face, oral mucosa, vermillion, red zone, transitional zone

Question 89

T/F - Skin is typical thick skin with thin keratinized epidermis with large skin appendages including hair follicles, sbeaceous glands & sweat glands.

Answer 89

False, they had small skin appendages,

Question 90

List properties of oral mucosa

Answer 90

- thick non keratinized epithelium - dense underlying lamina propria - minor salivary glands in lamina propria/submucosa

Question 91

Describe Vermillion Zone

Answer 91

- thin lightly keratinized epithelium - deep dermal papillae with numerous blood vessels which give the vermillion zone its characteristic colouration & specialized nerve endings which perceive touch. - absence of sweat glands & hair follicles, - few sebaceous glands,

Question 92

T/F - Lip skeletal muscle exists in deep part of lip between skin and mucosa.

Answer 92

True

Question 93

T/F - mostly orbicularis oris moves lip

Answer 93

True

Question 94

List the age changes in oral mucosa (4 changes)

Answer 94

- oral mucosa may thin with reduction of rete pegs - reduction in number of filiform papillae - atrophy of some of the intrinsic salivary glands - changes due to tooth loss or wear or wearing dentures or to medications