LECTURE 9

Question 1

Metabolism in cell

Answer 1

Totality of chemical reactions in cell

Question 2

Energy definition

Answer 2

Capacity for change, energy changes are associated with change in chemical structures and properties of molecules.

Question 3

Two types of energy forms

Answer 3

1) kinetic energy

2) potential energy

Question 4

Potential energy examples

Answer 4

Chemical energy, concentration gradients, electrical potential.

Question 5

All reaction happen _____ in the …

Answer 5

Spontaneous in the direction that increase the entropy

Question 6

Formula for change in free energy

Answer 6

Delta G = G final - G initial

Question 7

If a reaction I’d spontaneous then G (free energy) is

Answer 7

Negative

Question 8

If DELTA G is negative then some energy has been lost as

Answer 8

Entropy

Question 9

In a closed system, the quantity of E

Answer 9

does not change, but the E can flow in different atoms

Question 10

In every E transfer, some E is

Answer 10

Lost (as heat sometimes)

Question 11

Free energy

Answer 11

Energy available to do work

Question 12

In closed system, with multiple E transfers,

Answer 12

Free E (G) decreases and useful E increases

Question 13

Entropy is always was ______ in the universe

Answer 13

Increasing

Question 14

Entropy

Answer 14

A measure of disorder in the universe, and unuseful energy

Question 15

Every E transfer makes the universe more

Answer 15

Disordered

Question 16

Randomness in the universe ________ over time

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

When G < 0, then its

Answer 17

Exergonic

Question 18

Exergonic

Answer 18

Proceeds with net release off free E and is spontaneous

Question 19

When G > 0 then its

Answer 19

Endergonic

Question 20

Endergonic

Answer 20

Absorbs free E from its surrounding tons and is NON-spontaneous

Question 21

How do cells increase order

Answer 21

Reactions are coupled

Question 22

If two systems change in a coupled fashion,

Answer 22

the net free E change of the combines systems determines f the reaction will proceed.

Question 23

What is considered the lowest grade of energy

Answer 23

Heat

Question 24

Heat increases the

Answer 24

Random, unordered movement of molecules

Question 25

Heat is difficult to store or harness to do work, so its only useful it its

Answer 25

Concentrated

Question 26

What increases in a chemical reaction ?

Answer 26

Entropy

Question 27

Systems tend to move towards an increase in

Answer 27

Entropy

Question 28

More order,

Answer 28

Lower entropy

Question 29

Less order

Answer 29

Higher entropy

Question 30

Order and entropy are

Answer 30

Inversed variables

Question 31

_______ in the universe is always increasing

Answer 31

Entropy

Question 32

E is required for ______in living things, but ______ still increases

Answer 32

Energy, entropy

Question 33

Systems with higher free energy have

Answer 33

Complex, organized, non-random and low entropy

Question 34

Systems with low free energy are

Answer 34

Disorganized, random, and high entropy (less E for work)

Question 35

Formula for calculating G (free energy)

Answer 35

G = H = TS

Question 36

Entropy symbol

Answer 36

S

Question 37

If free energy and enthalpy are both (-) and everything else (+), then

Answer 37

- Energetically favourable - entropically favourable - spontaneous

Question 38

If temp and entropy (-) and energy thing else (+), then

Answer 38

- energetically unfavourable - entropically unfavourable - NON-spontaneous

Question 39

Free energy being (+/-) when everything else positive, then

Answer 39

- energetically unfavourable - entropically favourable - spontaneous at high T

Question 40

Free energy is (-/+), enthalpy, temp, entropy are both (-), then

Answer 40

- energetically favourable - entropically favourable - spontaneous at low temp

Question 41

Enthalpy

Answer 41

Total potential energy in system

Question 42

Negative G =

Answer 42

Spontaneous reaction

Question 43

Spontaneous

Answer 43

Change that does not require a net increase in energy