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Introduction to Nuclear Energy > Lecture 9: Advanced Reactors > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Advanced Reactors Flashcards

1
Q

What were the design dates of Reactor Generations I, II, III, III+ and IV?

A

I: 1950 - 1970
II: 1970 - 1995
III: 1995 - 2010
III+: 2010 - Current
IV: 2030 +

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2
Q

Name four improvements made to Gen III reactors?

A

Improved fuel technology
Superior thermal efficiency
Much better safety systems
Standardised designs

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3
Q

What prompted the design modifications for Gen III+ reactors?

A

Fukushima accident

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4
Q

Name three Gen III+ reactor variations?

A

EU-ABWR
ESBWR
ACR1000

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5
Q

What is an alternative name for Gen IV reactors?

A

Advanced reactors

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6
Q

How were Gen IV reactors selected?

A

International forum agreed on 6 types

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7
Q

Will Gen IV reactors operate at higher or lower temperatures?

A

Higher

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8
Q

How many Gen IV reactor types are thermal and FAST?

A

2 Thermal
4 FAST

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9
Q

How is the efficiency of four advanced reactors being enhanced?

A

Cogeneration by production of hydrogen

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10
Q

How will Gen IV reactors encourage an overall development of nuclear power?

A

Additional programme to develop multinational regulatory standards.

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11
Q

Name three Gen I designs?

A

Shippingport
Dresden
Magnox

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12
Q

Name five Gen II designs?

A

LWR
PWR
BWR
CANDU
VVER/RBMK

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13
Q

Name four Gen III designs?

A

ABWR
System 80+
AP600
EPR

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14
Q

What is an environmental benefit of FAST reactors?

A

Enables fuel reprocessing

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15
Q

What does fuel reprocessing involve?

A

Separation of actinides from used fuel.

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16
Q

What are the 6 Gen IV designs?

A

Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR)
Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor (LFR)
Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR)
Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR)
Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)
Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor (SWCR)

17
Q

Which three companies have the UK awarded contracts for small modular reactors?

A

Tokamak Energy Ltd
U-Battery developments Ltd
Westinghouse Electric Company UK

18
Q

Name five examples of cogeneration applications:

A

District heating
Desalination
Construction material
High temperature process heat (e.g. hydrogen production)
Medical isotopes

19
Q

What is a difficulty of district heating?

A

Requires significant infrastructure to provide water directly to housing

20
Q

What is an advantage to smaller cogeneration applications?

A

Greater flexibility in location
Easier to retrofit

Introduction to Nuclear Energy (16 decks)

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