Lecture 9: Aggression Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is Aggression?
Any form of behaviour directed towards goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment
What is Violence?
Behaviour designed to cause harm. Physical force
What is Related Aggression?
Damage social relationships
What is Instrumental Aggression?
Aggressive act with the aim of achieving a goal
What is Hostile Aggression?
Aggressive behaviour motivated by desire to express anger
(Bio Exp) What is the Steam Boiler Model?
We continuously produce aggressive energy. Released when we act aggressively. Removing anger - evoking does not reduce aggression. Reduce using catharsis.
(Bio Exp) Why do people vary in levels of aggression?
There are individual differences in aggression. This may be due to genetics. Miles and Carey conducted meta-analysis looking at twin and adoption studies.
(Bio Exp) What are the findings for genetics in aggression?
Genetic factors accounted for 50% of peoples level of aggression.
(Bio Exp) Why does aggression depend on hormones?
Testosterone hormone is related to aggression. Related to activation of flight or fight response. Inhibits the flight response (avoids it)
(Bio Exp) What is the 2D;4D Ratio?
The length between index (2D) and ring finger (4D).
Longer ring finger relative to index finger indicates greater prenatal testosterone.
(Bio Exp) What was Honekopp and Watson’s study?
Meta-analysis. 2D:4D ratio weakly predicts male aggression. Does not predict aggression in women.
(Bio Exp) What was Klinesmith et al’s study?
Do changes in testosterone influence aggression?
Men took part - held a gun or held a child toy.
Measured aggressive behaviour - asked pps how much hot sauce for next pp. Holding a gun increased aggression
(Psych Exp) What is the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis? (Dollard et al)
Blocking ones goal leads to frustration. Numerous responses - aggression, displacement.
Aggression likely when:
- No fear of punishment
- The cause of the frustration is available
(Psych Exp) What is Barker et al’s study?
Children showed a room full of toys. Initially not allowed to play with them or were allowed to play with the toys without waiting.
Assessed how children played with the toys
(Psych Exp) What are the findings of Barkers study?
The frustrated group acted more aggressively. Smashed toys on the floor, threw against wall, general destructive behaviour.
(Psych Exp) How does aggression develop? (Bandura)
Social Learning Theory. Observational learning - learn by imitating.
Adult played with bobo doll - Acted non-aggressively (Control group) Aggressively (Experimental group)
(Situation Factors) How many violent offenders had drunk prior to committing a crime?
80%
(Situation Factors) What was a finding of Exum’s on alcohol study?
Giving people alcohol increases aggression
(Situation Factors) What was Giancola’s study on alcohol?
Measured pps empathy. Placebo or alcohol. Measured intensity of electric shocks given to another pp.
(Situation Factors) What are the findings of Giancola’s study on alcohol?
Alcohol only increased aggression when low empathy
(Situation Factors) What was Anderson and Bushman’s media study?
Meta-analysis of over 300 studies. Experiments and Longitudinal studies
(Situation Factors) What are the findings of Anderson and Bushman’s media study?
Found a weak-moderate link between media violence and aggression
(Situation Factors) What is the Heat Hypothesis?
Temperature is positively associated with aggression. Used archival data to look at relationship between temperature in US and murder rate.
(Situation Factor) What are the findings of the Heat Hypothesis?
Temperature increases aggression. A rise in temp by 1.1 degrees increased murders and assaults by 24,000 cases
