Lecture 9: Gymnosperms 2 (Pinaceae) Flashcards
What is the TYPE of plant for the family Pinaceae?
Trees (rarely shrubs) with resin canals.
What are the LEAVES for the family Pinaceae?
needle-like solitary or grouped in fascicles, persistent (rarely caducous)
Is the family Pinaceae monecious or dioecious?
Monoecious
What is the FLOWERS for the family Pinaceae (Female).
cones usually with numerous carpelar scales
Where is the resin canal found in the family Pinaceae?
Xylem
True or False: Pinaceae are dominant in the Boreal Forest
True
What are the genera of Pinaceae separated by?
Genera with 2 to numerous leaves. in fascicles (Pinus, Larix)
Genera with solitary leaves (Abies (fir), Picea (spruce), Tsuga (hemlock), Pseudotsuga, (Douglas fir))
What TYPE of plant is the genus Pinus (300 spp)?
Trees.
What are the LEAVES for the genus Pinus?
Leaves 2, 3 or 5 in a fascicle.
What are the FLOWERS for the genus Pinus? (Female)
Female cones ± big, mature after 2 seasons; Carpels (scales), thick, woody, with a prominence called umbo.
What species of Pinus has 5 leaves in its fascicles and which species has 2 leaves?
strobus
banksiana, resinosa, sylvestris
Pinus ______ has been the most valuable softwood lumber in E N America. In the 19th century, the harvesting of Eastern white pine forests played a major role in America’s Westward expansion through the Great Plains
strobus
How can you tell the difference between the Pinus species with 2 leaves in their fascicles?
P. bankiasa = Cones are curved & do not open
for many years. Bark is grayish
P. resinosa and P. sylvestris = Cones are straight and
open at maturity. Bark is reddish-brown
P. resinosa = Lvs. 7-15 cm long, green
P. sylvestris = Lvs. 3-7 cm, bluish-green
What TYPE of plant is the genus Larix?
Trees
What are the LEAVES for the genus Larix?
10-60 in a fascicle, deciduous.
What are the FLOWERS for the genus Larix? (female)
Female cones ± small, mature in 1st season; each scale with a bract at the base.
True or False: Tamarack (Larix laricina ) is a not a adaptable species
False, it is able to survive temperatures down to at least −65°C reaching north the edge of arctic tundra.
Commonly found in lowland areas
What TYPE of plant is the genus Abies (40 spp)?
Trees.
What are the LEAVES for the genus Abies?
solitary, persistent, alternate, arranged in 2 rows, flattened, on the lower side with 2 longitudinal lines of white dots (stomata)
base of leaf flared, apex rounded or notched
What are the FLOWERS for the genus Abies? (female)
Female cones big, mature in 1st season, erect, cylindrical, disarticulate at maturity:
Each scale with a long bract at the base
What genus of tree is popularly grown as a Christmas Tree
Abies balsamea (Balsam fir) because of its attractive fragrance and long retention of needles
What was the resin from abies balsam used for?
traditionally used as a cold remedy and as a glue for glasses, optical instrument components, and for preparing permanent mounts of microscope specimens
argued that the balsam fir was the “aneda” that cured scurvy during the second expedition into Canada of J. Cartier.
What TYPE of plant is the genus Picea (40 spp)?
Trees
What are the LEAVES for the genus Picea?
solitary, persistent, alternate, spirally arranged on the shoots, 4-angled, with longitudinal white lines on all the faces; base narrowed and attached to a woody leaf-peg, apex pointed.
