Lecture 9 - Personality Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is personality?
The consistency of social behaviour, thoughts and emotions
What is personality divided into?
Hollander 1967 Martens 1975
Role related behaviour - How you act based on what you perceive your social situation to be, circumstance, changeable, dynamic
Typical responses - usual ways you respond to the world and situations you are in, indicator of p.c
Psychological core - Beliefs, values, attitudes and interests, real you, constant
What are the 5 personality viewpoints?
Psychodynamic approach
Trait approach
Situation approach
Interactional approach
Phenomenological approach
Outline the psychodynamic approach
Freud (1923)
1. Emphasises unconscious determinants of behaviour and how conflict with the more conscious aspects
2. Whole rather than isolated traits
Id - basic impulses
Superego - ideals and morals
Ego - Mediating of Id and superego - testing reality
What are the limitations and contributions of the psychodynamic approach?
Limitations - difficult to test, focus on internal determinants
Key contribution - not all exercise behaviours are under conscious control
Impact - Little, not adopted
Outline the trait approach
Fundamental units of personality are stable
Causes of behaviour lie within the person
Traits considered to predispose a person to act in a certain way
What is the big 5 model of personality?
Openness to experience (originality)
Conscientiousness (self-discipline)
Extraversion ( enthusiasm, sociability)
Agreeableness
Neuroticism (anxiety, anger)
What are the pros and cons of the trait approach?
Useful in understanding why different exercise interventions are appropriate for people with different traits
Current impact - little influence
Weakness - Not always help predict behaviour in particular situations
Outline the situation approach
Behaviour is determined by the situation
Draws from social learning theory
Influence behaviour by changing the reinforcements in the environment
Outline the impact and weakness of the situational approach
Current impact - little influence
Weakness - situation will not always influence individual behaviour
Contribution - Emphasises the importance of the situation
Outline the Interactional approach
Situations alone are not enough to predict behaviour accurately - personality must also be considered
Current impact - considerable influence, adopted by sports psychs
Weakness - none
Contribution - Emphasises the consideration of both trait and situational
Outline the Phenomenological approach
Focus is on the person’s understanding and interpretation of his environment and not on traits
Current impact - considerable influence
Weakness - none
Contribution - Emphasises the contribution of a person’s interpretation of one’s self and environment
How do the 5 approaches differ?
Vary on a scale from psychodynamic to situation
How do we measure personality?
Trait - state sport confidence inventory
Profile of mood states
Test of attentional and interpersonal style
Competitive state anxiety inventory 2
What are the APA guidelines for using psychological tests?
- Know the principles of testing and measurement error
- Know limitations
- Do not use it alone for team selection
- Include feedback
- Confidentiality
- Intra- individual approach
- Assess / understand specific personality components
Outline the personality research
Nia and Besharat (2010) - Individual sport - conscientiousness and autonomy
Team - Sociotropy and agreeableness
Morgan’s Iceberg profile - Successful athletes show more positive mental health
What is Type A behaviour?
Lack patience, competitive, want to achieve goals, rush, multi task when under time constraints, higher anxiety
Higher risk of CV disease
What is Type B behaviour?
Tend to be more tolerant towards others, more relaxed and reflective, lower anxiety, creative
Outline the hardy personality
Control - sense of personal control
Commitment - investment in oneself, work, family
Challenge - ability to see, change and even use problems as opportunities for growth
What are sensation seekers?
Stress resistant personality
Adventurous
Calculate risks, think through strategy
Confident, self efficacy, courage, optimism, creative
