Lecture - Bones and Joints

Question 1

What is the function of the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

Supports and protects the underlying organs

Question 2

What comprises the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

The upper and lower limbs, including the pelvic girdle

Question 3

What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 3

Allows motility

Question 4

Name the 5 types of bones, and give an example of each.

Answer 4

Long - humerus
Short - carpals
Flat - scapula
Irregular - sinuses
Sesamoid - patella

Question 5

What is a tuberosity, or tubercle?

Answer 5

An elevation

Question 6

What is the name given to a large bony prominence?

Answer 6

Condyle

Question 7

What is an epicondyle, and how does it differ from a condyle?

Answer 7

A bony prominence. Smaller than a condyle.

Question 8

What is a facet?

Answer 8

Flattened surface for a joint or muscle attachment

Question 9

What is the name given to a depression in a bone?

Answer 9

A fossa

Question 10

What is a joint?

Answer 10

An articulation between 2 or more bones

Question 11

What are the 3 major types of joint?

Answer 11

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 12

What defines a fibrous joint?

Answer 12

The bones are joined by fibre

Question 13

What is another way to classify fibrous joints?

Answer 13

Synarthrosis - fixed/immovable

Question 14

What is an example of a fibrous/synarthrosis joint?

Answer 14

Sutures in a child’s skull

Question 15

What defines a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 15

The bones are joined by cartilage

Question 16

As what other joint can cartilaginous joints be classified?

Answer 16

Amphiarthroses - joints in which some movement is possible

Question 17

What is a primary cartilaginous joint known as?

Answer 17

A synchondrosis

Question 18

What is a synchondrosis?

Answer 18

A primary cartilaginous joint

Question 19

What is a primary cartilaginous joint/synchondrosis?

Answer 19

A joint in which there is hyaline cartilage between the two bones, or parts of bones.

Question 20

Give an example of a primary cartilaginous joint in which the joint is between two bones, and one which is between two parts of the same bone.

Answer 20

2 bones - 1st sternocostal joint

2 parts of same bone - epiphyseal growth plate between epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 21

What is a symphysis?

Answer 21

A secondary cartilaginous joint

Question 22

What is a secondary cartilaginous joint known as?

Answer 22

A symphysis

Question 23

What is a symphysis/secondary cartilaginous joint?

Answer 23

A joint where fibrocartilage separates the 2 bones

Question 24

Give an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint.

Answer 24

IV discs or pubic symphysis

Question 25

What are the 3 defining features of a synovial joint?

Answer 25

Articular cartilage Articular capsule Synovial fluid

Question 26

What are the 6 types of synovial joint?

Answer 26

``` Pivot Plane Hinge Saddle Ball and socket Condyloid ```

Question 27

What does a plane joint allow? | Give an example

Answer 27

Gliding and sliding | Acromioclavicular joint

Question 28

What movements does a hinge joint allow? | Give an example

Answer 28

Flexion and extension in one axes only (uniaxial) | Elbow

Question 29

What is a saddle joint? | Give an example?

Answer 29

Where convex and concave surfaces meet | 1st MCP joint (i.e MCP joint of thumb)

Question 30

What movement does a ball and socket joint allow?

Answer 30

Movement in several axes

Question 31

What movements do a condyloid joint allow? | Give an example.

Answer 31

Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction | MCP joints

Question 32

What is a pivot joint?

Answer 32

A joint where a round bony process fits into a ligamentous socket

Question 33

What movement does a pivot joint allow?

Answer 33

Rotation

Question 34

Give an example of a pivot joint?

Answer 34

The proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 35

What sort of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

Answer 35

Pivot type synovial joint

Question 36

What comprises the axial skeleton?

Answer 36

Skull, vertebral column and rib cage