Lecture: Cestodes Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
Common name for Cestodes
A
Tapeworms
2
Q
Two Orders of Cestodes
A
Order Pseudophilidea
Order Cyclophilidea
3
Q
Order of Cestodes that harbors 1 intermediate host
A
Order Cyclophilidea
4
Q
Order of Cestodes that harbors 2 intermediate host
A
Order Pseudophilidea
5
Q
Order of Cestodes that has solid stage larvae
A
Order Pseudophilidea
6
Q
Orders of Cestodes that has cystic stage larvae
A
Order Cyclophilidea
7
Q
Order of Cestodes with sucking grooves or bothria/sulci
A
Order Pseudophilidea
8
Q
Order of Cestodes with 4 suckers
A
Order Cyclophilidea
9
Q
All adult Cestodes are found in large intestine. True or False?
A
False. Found in Small Intestine
10
Q
All Cestodes are monoecious or hemaphroditic. True or False?
A
True. Monoecious or hemaphroditic means 2 sexual organs are present in an adult.
11
Q
Order of Cestodes that contains coracidium in there ova
A
Order Pseudophilidea
12
Q
Order of Cestodes that contains oncosphere in there ova
A
Order Cyclophilidea
13
Q
Order of Cestodes that release eggs via uterine pores
A
Order Pseudophilidea
14
Q
Order of Cestodes that release eggs via apolysis or detachment of gravid segments
A
Order Cyclophilidea
15
Q
Other term for ventral groove or sucking grooves
A
Bothria
Sulci
16
Q
Holdfast organ (attachment) for Cestodes
A
Scolex
17
Q
Region of growth for Cestodes
A
Neck
18
Q
Three Types of segments in Cestodes
A
Immature
Mature
Gravid
19
Q
Order of Cestodes that has spatulate or spindle-shaped scolex
A
Order Pseudophilidea
20
Q
Order of Cestodes that has globular or quadrate scolex
A
Order Cyclophilidea
21
Q
Term for chain of segments or proglottids
A
Strobila
22
Q
Other term for segments in Cestodes
A
Proglottids
23
Q
Elevated portion in the scolex of cestodes in Order Cyclophilidea
A
Rostellum
24
Q
Hair-like structures in rostellum
A
Hooklet/Hooks
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Term when the proglottids in strobila overlaps one another
Craspedote
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Term when the proglottids in strobila doesn't overlap
Acraspedote
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Normal detachment or disintegration of gravid segments
Apolysis
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Types of Larvae
Solid
Cystic
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Types of Larvae in Solid Type
Plerocercus
Plerocercoid
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Types of Larvae in Cystic Type
Cysticercus
Cysticercoid
31
Described as hooked ball in which the hooklets are three pairs (hexacanth)
Oncosphere
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Is the coracidium ciliated or not?
Ciliated
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Known as the immature larva in Solid Type
Plerocercus/Procercoid/Procercus
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Known as the mature larva in Solid Type
Plerocercoid/Sparganum
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In which intermediate host does plerocercus stay?
1st Intermediate Host
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In which intermediate host does plerocercoid stay?
2nd Intermediate Host
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Only Cestode that has solid type larva
Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus
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Cestodes that has cysticercus larvae
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
39
Cestodes that has cysticercoid larvae
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepsi diminuta
Dipyllidium caninum
40
Opening structure in the ova of Order Pseudophilidea
Operculum
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Common name for Diphyllobothrium latum
Fish or Broad Tapeworm
42
Longest tapeworm of human
Diphyllobothrium latum
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Order of Cestodes that has rosette-featured uterus
Order Pseudophilidea
44
Diagnostic Stage of D. latum
Unembryonated eggs in feces
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Infective Stage of D. latum
Plerocercus in crustaceans/small fish
Plerocercoid in larger fish
46
Mode of Transmission in D. latum
Ingestion
47
Why does D. latum cause anemia (bothriocephalus anemia)?
D. latum scolex attached in intestinal wall competes in the supply of Vit. B12
48
Diagnosis for D. latum
Stool Examination
Coproantigen Detection
49
Treatment for D. latum
Praziquantel
Quinacrine Hydrochloride
Niclosamide
50
Common tapeworm infection in dogs and cats are caused by?
Spirometra sp. (Spirometra mansoni)
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When eye tissue is infected with sparganum, it causes...
Ocular sparganosis
52
When lymph channels has presence of spargana, it causes...
Elephantiasis
53
What may form when spargana inhabits subcutaneous tissues?
Acniform pustules
54
Accidental host of S. mansoni
Man
55
Diagnosis of S. mansoni
Finding of white larva in lesion
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Treatment for S. mansoni
Surgery
Praziquantel
57
Does S. mansoni reach maturity in man?
No, since man is not its definitive host.
58
The egg of T. solium can be easily differentiated from T. saginata. True or False?
False. It cannot be easily distinguished.
59
Name of larva in T. solium
Cysticercus cellulosae
60
Term for meat infected with T. solium
Measly pork
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What kind of host is man when infected with T. solium?
Definitive Host
Intermediate Host
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Cysticercosis occurs when
Larva is in different organs
Man ingests egg from contaminated food
63
Taeniasis occurs when
Adult worm is in S.I.
Man ingest larva from contaminated food
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Diagnostic Stage for T. solium
Embryonated eggs
Gravid proglottids
65
Infective Stage for T. solium
Embryonated eggs
Cysticercus cellulosae
66
Diagnosis for T. solium
Stool Examination
Anal Swab
Slide Compression
Serological Test (cysticercosis)
67
Treatment for T. solium
Praziquantel
Niclosamide
Quinacrine
68
Diagnosis for Cysticercus cellulosae
Computed axial tomography (CAT) Scan
Nuclear MRI
69
Treatment for Cysticercus cellulosae
Praziquantel
Albendazole
Steroids
Surgery
70
Common name for T. solium
Pork tapeworm
71
Common name for T. saginata
Beef tapeworm
72
Name of larva for T. saginata
Cysticercus bovis
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Diagnostic Stage for T. saginata
Embryonated eggs
Gravid proglottids
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Infective Stage for T. saginata
Cysticercus bovis
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Large volume of T. saginata can cause intestinal disturbance such as
Acute intestinal obstruction
76
Diagnosis for T. saginata
Stool Examination
Slide Compression
77
Treatment for T. saginata
Praziquantel
78
Is it possible for cysticercus bovis to cause infection in human?
No, it does not occur.
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Difference of T. solium and T. saginata regarding scolex
T. solium - Globular
T. saginata - Quadrate
80
Does T. saginata have rostellum?
No, rostellum is absent from T. saginata
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Difference of T. solium and T. saginata regarding proglottids
T. solium - 800-1000
T. saginata - 1000-2000
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Difference of T. solium and T. saginata regarding uterine branches
T. solium - 5-14 branches
T. saginata - 15-20 branches
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Difference of T. solium and T. saginata regarding length
T. solium - 5-7 meters
T. saginata - 5-10 meters
84
Difference of T. solium and T. saginata regarding testicular follicle
T. solium - 150-200
T. saginata - 330-400
85
Cestodes under Order Cyclophilidea that requires vertebrate intermediate host
T. solium
T. saginata
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Cestodes under Order Cyclophilidea that requires invertebrate intermediate host
D. caninum
H. diminuta
R. garrisoni
87
Cestode under Order Cyclophilidea that may or may not require intermediate host
H. nana
88
Cestodes under Order Cyclophilidea that infects man in their larval stage
E. granulosus
E multilocularis
T. solium
S. mansoni
89
Egg shape in Order Pseudophilidea
Ovoidal
90
Egg shape in Order Cyclophilidea
Spherical
91
Scolex shape of D. latum
Spatulate or almond-shaped
92
Scolex shape of D. caninum
Rhomboidal
93
Scolex shape of H. nana
Rhomboidal
94
Scolex shape of H. diminuta
Club-shaped
95
Scolex shape of E. granulosus
Pyriform
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Scolex shape of R. garrisoni
Sub-globular
97
Common name of D. caninum
Double-pored or Dog Tapeworm
98
Eggs of D. caninum are expelled in egg capsules called
Mother packet
99
Diagnostic Stage of D. caninum
Mature ova
100
Infective Stage of D. caninum
Cysticercoid in IH (flea)
101
Dog flea suitable for D. caninum
Ctenophalides canis
102
Cat flea suitable for D. caninum
Ctenophalides felis
103
Human flea suitable for D. caninum
Pulex irritans
104
Dog lice suitable for D. caninum
Trichodectes canis
105
Diagnosis for D. caninum
DFS
106
Treatment for D. caninum
Praziquantel
Niclosamide
Quinacrine
107
How is man infected by D. caninum?
Accidental ingestion of infected intermediate host (flea)
108
Common name of H. nana
Dwarf tapeworm
109
Unique characteristic of H. nana egg
Bipolar thickening with polar filaments
110
3 Types of Life Cycle of H. nana
Direct
Indirect
Autoinfection
111
Diagnostic Stage of H. nana in Direct Cycle
Mature ova in feces
112
Infective Stage of H. nana in Direct Cycle
Cysticercoid in IH (arthropods)
113
Diagnostic Stage of H. nana in Indirect Cycle
Mature ova in feces
114
Infective Stage of H. nana in Indirect Cycle
Ingested mature ova in contaminated food and water
115
How does autoinfection happen in H. nana infection?
External - same with indirect (fecal-oral)
Internal - ova matures in L.I. and escapes to bloodstream
116
Diagnosis for H. nana
DFS
117
Treatment for H. nana
Praziquantel
Niclosamide
Paramomycin
118
Murine strain of H. nana
H. nana var fraterna
119
Intermediate Hosts utilized by H. nana var fraterna in Indirect Cycle
Ctenophalides canis (Dog flea)
Pulex irritans (Human flea)
Xenopsylla cheopis (Oriental rat flea)
Tenebrio molitor (Mealworm)
Tenebrio confusum (Confused flour beetle)
120
What cycle of H. nana is similar to H. diminuta?
Indirect Cycle
121
Difference of H. nana from H. diminuta with regards to length
H. nana - 2 to 4 cm
H. diminuta - 10 to 60 cm
122
Difference of H. nana from H. diminuta with regards to number of segments
H. nana - 96-840 segments
H. diminuta - 800-1300 segments
123
Does H. diminuta have spines in its rostellum?
No, H. diminuta only has rostellum, but without spines
124
Common name of H. diminuta
Rat tapeworm
125
Unique characteristic of H. diminuta egg
Fried egg appearance
Bipolar thickening without polar filaments
126
Diagnostic Stage of H. diminuta
Mature ova in feces
127
Infective Stage of H. diminuta
Cysticercoid in IH (flea/beetle)
128
Diagnosis for H. diminuta
DFS
129
Treatment for H. diminuta
Niclosamide
Praziquantel
130
How is man infected with H. diminuta?
Accidental ingestion of infected intermediate host (flea/beetle)
131
Smallest yet deadliest tapeworm
E. granulosus
132
Common name of E. granulosus
Hydatid worm
133
Egg of E. granulosus is not striated. True or False?
False. E. granulosus ova is striated
134
Diagnostic Stage of E. granulosus
Hydatid cysts in different organs
135
Infective Stage of E. granulosus
Mature ova in feces
136
Does hydatid worms mature in human?
No, since humans are just intermediate host
137
A slow-growing, tumor-like, space-occupying structure enclosed by a laminated germinitative membrame
Unilocular hydatid cyst
138
Structures on walls of hydatid cysts where tapeworm scolices arise
Brood capsules
139
Why is hydatid worm the deadliest?
Hydatid fluid of hydatid cyst are toxic which can cause anaphylactic shock and death if spilled on body cavities
140
Diagnosis for E. granulosus
Aspiration of cyst contents
Radiological examination
Scanning procedure
Ultrasound techniques
Serological test (CFT, ELISA, Casoni intradermal test, IHA, CIEP)
Hydatid fluid microsocopy (LPCB)
Histopathologic Dianosis (FNAB, PAS stain)
141
Treatment for E. granulosus
Surgery
Mebendazole
Albendazole
PAIR (Percutaneous Aspiration Injection Reaspiration)
142
What is the mechanical vector of E. granulosus?
Coprophagic flies
143
Is E. granulosus strictly zoonosis or zoonosis only?
Strictly zoonosis
144
Difference between primary and secondary echinococcosis
Primary echinococcosis occurs after per oral infection of ova which gives rise to hydatid cysts in different parts of the body
Secondary echinococcosis occurs when primary hydatid cysts rupture by trauma and releases other protoscolices
145
pH and Specific gravity of Hydatid fluid
pH 6.7
Specific gravity - 1 to 1.010
146
Outer laminated layer of hydatid cyst
Ectocyst
147
Inner laminated layer of hydatid cyst
Endocyst
148
What kind of host is man in E. granulosus?
Accidental host
149
Common name of E. multilocularis
Fox tapeworm
150
Habitat or organ infected by E. multilocularis in man
Liver
151
Unique characteristic of R. garrisoni egg
Spindle-shaped or rice grain-shaped
152
Diagnostic Stage of R. garrisoni
Mature ova in feces
153
Infective Stage of R. garrisoni
Cysticercoid in IH (flour beetle)
154
Diagnosis for R. garrisoni
DFS
155
Treatment for R. garrisoni
Niclosamide
Praziquantel
