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Clinical Parasitology > Lecture: Trematodes > Flashcards

Lecture: Trematodes Flashcards

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1
Q

Unsegmented, leaf-like or ribbon-like though some short and circular

A

Trematodes

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2
Q

Common name for Trematodes

A

Flukes

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3
Q

Trematodes belong to the sub-class Digenia (digenetic), which means they only have 1 host. True or False?

A

False. Trematodes require 2 intermediate hosts except Schistosoma

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4
Q

What is the usual 1st intermediate host of flukes?

A

Snail

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5
Q

AIDS in Trematodes

A

Asexual - Intermediate
Definitive - Sexual

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6
Q

All Trematodes require _ intermediate host except _

A

2 Intermediate Host
Schistosoma (1 IH)

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7
Q

All Trematodes are flat/leaf-like except _ which is _

A

Schistosoma
Cylindrical

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8
Q

All Trematodes are provided with _ suckers except _

A

2 Suckers
Heterophyids (3)

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9
Q

All Trematodes are _ (monoecious) except _

A

Hermaphroditic
Schistosoma (Dioecious)

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10
Q

All Trematodes are provided with _ testes except _ and _

A

2 Testes
Schistosoma (multi)
Haplorchis (1)

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11
Q

All Trematode ova are _ except _

A

Operculated
Schistosoma (spined)

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12
Q

Infective Stage of all Trematodes is _ except _

A

Metacercaria
Schistosoma (cercaria)

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13
Q

Mode of Transmission of all Trematodes is _ except _

A

Ingestion
Schistosoma (skin penetration)

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14
Q

Portal of Entry of all Trematodes is _ except _

A

Mouth
Schistosoma (skin)

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15
Q

The digestive system of Trematodes is _; it has mouth but no _

A

Incomplete
Anus

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16
Q

The intestine of Trematodes may be _ or _

A

Branched/dendritic
Simple

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17
Q

Diffusely scattered flame cells in the excretory system of Trematodes

A

Solenocytes

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18
Q

At the anterior part of adult Trematode, what type of sucker is present?

A

Oral sucker

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19
Q

At the posterior end of adult Trematode, what type of sucker is present?

A

Ventral sucker

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20
Q

In Heterophyids, what additional type of sucker is present?

A

Genital sucker (Gonotyl)

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21
Q

If a Trematode has no anus, where does it excrete metabolic waste?

A

Integumentary System

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22
Q

What are the larval stages of Trematodes

A

Miracidium - Sporocysts - Redia - Cercaria - Metacercaria

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23
Q

What larval stage is omitted or bypassed if the Trematode is a Schistosoma?

A

Metacercaria

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24
Q

What larval stage infects the 1st intermediate host?

A

Miracidium

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25
What encysts on the 2nd intermediate host?
Cercaria
26
Trematode eggs that is fully embryonated or nearly at the time they are discharge from the body
Clonorchis Heterophyids Opistorchis Schistosoma
27
Trematode eggs that hatch soon upon contact with water
Schistosoma
28
Trematode eggs that hatch only upon digestion by intermediate host
Clonorchis Heterophyids Opistorchis
29
Trematode eggs that requires a period of embryonation after deposition in water
Fasciola Fasciolopsis Paragonimus Echinosotoma
30
What are Trematode/s that inhabits the portal vein?
Schistosoma japonicum Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma mansoni
31
What are Trematode/s that inhabits the lungs?
Paragonimus westermani
32
What are Trematode/s that inhabits the liver and bile passage?
Fasciola hepatica Clonorchis sinensis Opistorchis felineus
33
What are Trematode/s that inhabits the intestine?
Fasciolopsis buski Echinostoma ilocanum Heterophyids?
34
What are examples of Heterophyids?
Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai Haplorchis taichui
35
Trematodes that have mature type of eggs
Clonorchis Heterophyids Opistorchis Schistosomes
36
Trematodes that have immature type of eggs
Paragonimus Fasciola Fasciolopsis Echinostoma
37
Common name of Schistosoma japonicum
Oriental blood fluke
38
Common name of Schistosoma haematobium
Vesical blood fluke
39
Common name of Schistosoma mansoni
Manson's blood fluke
40
Common name of Paragonimus westermani
Oriental lung fluke
41
Common name of Fasciola hepatica
Giant or Sheep liver fluke
42
Common name of Clonorchis sinensis
Chinese or Oriental liver fluke
43
Common name of Opistorchis felineus
Cat liver fluke
44
Common name of Fasciolopsis buski
Giant intestinal fluke
45
Common name of Echinosotoma ilocanum
Garrison's fluke
46
Common name of Heterophyes heterophyes
Von Siebold's fluke
47
This is the ciliated, non-feeding larva
Miracidium
48
Miracidium is covered with flattened, non-cliliated epidermal plates. True or False?
False, it is ciliated epidermal plates
49
This is the larval form consisting of a sac-like structure which produces more daughter or rediae through asexual reproduction
Sporocysts
50
Sporocysts do not have digestive tracts. True or False?
True
51
Essential nutrients in sporocysts must diffuse across the absorptive protective covering called _
Tegument
52
The larval stage that is formed inside the sac-like sporocysts
Redia
53
The tadpole-like fina-stage larval form that develops from redia within the 1st intermediate host
Cercaria
54
The cercaria resembles a mature version of the adult worm. True or False?
False, cercaria resembles an immature version of the adult worm
55
The _ cercaria is the infective stage of Schistosome trematodes
Furcocercous (fork-tailed)
56
The encysted form of the cercaria. Also known as the infective stage of hermaphroditic trematodes
Metacercaria
57
The cercariae of Schistosome lose their head and develop into schistosomules. True or False?
False, the cercaria loses its tail and then turns to schistosomules
58
The morphologic form that emerges from the cercaria following human transdermal penetration
Schistosomule
59
Gymnocephalus Cercaria represents what Trematode/s?
Fasciolopsis buski Fasciola hepatica
60
Pleurolorphocercous Cercaria represents what Trematode/s?
Opistochis viverrini
60
Microcercous Cercaria represents what Trematode/s?
Paragonimus westermani
61
Lophocercous Cercaria represents what Trematode/s?
Clonorchis sinensis Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai
62
Echinostome Cercaria represents what Trematode/s?
Echinostoma malayanum Echinostoma ilocanum
63
Furcocercous Cercaria represents what Trematode/s?
Schistosoma spp.
64
What Trematode/s has dendritic testes and tandem with dendritic ovary anterior to testes?
Fasciola hepatica Fasciolopsis buski
65
What Trematode/s has dendritic testes and tandem with lobed ovary anterior to testes?
Clonorchis sinensis
66
What Trematode/s has globular testes and diagonal with globular ovary anterior to testes?
Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai
67
What Trematode/s has lobed testes and side-by-side with lobed ovary anterior to testes?
Paragonimus westermani
68
What Trematode/s has globular testes and tandem with globular ovary anterior to testes?
Echinostoma ilocanum
69
What Trematode/s has lobed testes and diagonal with lobed ovary anterior to testes?
Opistorchis viverrini
70
The esophagus of Trematodes bifurcates into two parallel blind-ended intestinal ceca. True or False?
True
71
NTD means _
Neglected tropical diseases
72
Most prevalent food-borne trematode infections in the Philippines
Paragonimiasis Echinostomiasis Heterophydiasis
73
Largest fluke infecting man
Fasciola hepatica
74
Is the F. hepatica shouldered or no?
It is shouldered with cephalic cone
75
Specie of Fasciola that infects cattle, carabao and water buffaloes
F. gigantica
76
What is the 2nd intermediate host of F. hepatica?
Aquatic vegetation such as kangkong and morning glory
77
Diagnostic stage of F. hepatica
Unembryonated ova in feces
78
Infective stage of F. hepatica
Metacercaria in aquatic vegetation ingested by definitive host
79
What condition occurs when an individual consumes F. hepatica-infected liver?
False Fascioliasis Halzoun
80
Drug choice for F. hepatica
Bithionol
81
1st intermediate host of F. hepatica/F. gigantica
Lymnae philippinensis Lymnae swinhoe Lymnae truncatula Lymnae rubiginosa
82
Distinguishing feature of C. sinensis ova
Small protuberance in its aboperculum
83
Most common intermediate host of C. sinensis
Parafossarulus manchoricus Alocinma longicornis Semisulcospira cancellata Bithynia fuchsianus B. robustus Melanoides tuberculatus Assiminea lutea
84
Second intermediate host of C. sinensis
Ctenopharyngodon idellus Caridina nilotica gracilipes Pseudorasbora parva Carassius auratus Cyprinus carpio Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Saurogobio dabryi
85
What other parasite does C. sinensis has similiarities to in terms of its ova?
Opistorchis Heterophyids
86
Other name for O. viverrini
Southeast Asian Liver Fluke
87
Distinguishing feature of O. felineus ova
Minute aboperculum
88
Difference of O. felineus to O. viverrini
Ovary and testes is nearer to each other
89
Most common 1st intermediate host for O. felineus
Bithynia leachi Bithynia spp.
90
Most common 1st intermediate host for O. viverrini
Bithynia funiculata Bithynia spp.
91
2nd intermediate host for O. felineus/O. viverrini
Idus melanotus Tinca tinca Cyprinus carpio Barbus barbus Puntius Cyclocheilichthys Hampala
92
Carcinoma caused by C. sinensis and O. viverrini
Cholangiocarcinoma
93
Pulmonary paragonimiasis mimics what diease?
Pulmonary tuberculosis
94
Specimen used for diagnosing Paragonimiasis
Sputum/phlegm Feces
95
1st intermediate host of P. westermani
Antemelania asperata A. dactylus
96
2nd intermediate host of P. westermani
S. philippina
97
P. westermani worms may affect the brain and cause what disease?
Jacksonian epilepsy

Clinical Parasitology (13 decks)

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