Lecture: Cognition Flashcards
what is perception?
the integration of sensory inputs into meaningful information
what is cognition?
ability to process, sort, retrieve and manipulate information
what factors influence the relationship between a physiological lesion in the brain and the result on the patient psychologically?
- size and depth of lesion
- if there is a combination of deficits
- if the lesion is unilateral or bilateral
- some functions cannot be topographically limited.
what type of clientele may have a cognitive element to their condition?
- acquired brain injury (caused by TBIs, infections, CVAs, aneurysms, tumours, hypoxia, anoxia…)
- psychiatric disorders
- genetic/developmental disorders
- senile dementia & Alzheimer’s disease
what are the three most common emotional-behavioural difficulties following acquired brain injuries?
- apathy
- depression
- anxiety
ABIs can be focal or diffuse. Which types are often diffuse?
hypoxia, anoxia…
what would be considered a mild TBI on the glasgow coma scale?
13-15
What is considered a severe TBI on the Glasgow Coma Scale?
< 8 for 6+ hours
Stroke increases the incidence of which cognitive disease?
Alzeimers
Cover and Overt strokes have the same symptoms (T/F)
F - covert stroke will not have the classical symptoms, and the person probably won’t even go to the doctor.
Which of the three pathogenic concepts of VCIs involves many small lesions adding together to result in cortical dementia syndrome?
accumulated cortical infarcts
which type of VCI results in dementia due to small and isolated lesions in important brain areas such as the thalamus (disruption connections between prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia or thalamus)?
Strategic subcortical infarcts.
which type of VCI involves lesions of white matter?
functional cortical disconnection
what deficits might you observe with a ACA stroke?
hemiplegia
sensory loss
a lesion in which artery will result in confusion, impaired memory and new learning, and confabulation?
Anterior communicating artery aneurysms (AcoA)
MCA strokes usually present with what?
hemiplegia
visual field loss
dysphagia
neglect (non dom)
PCA strokes tend to have…
cortical blindness (pupil still reacts) confusion impaired memory poor shape size and colour perception ability to perceive moving but not static objects
SMALLER VESSELS
need to fill in
The impact of cognitive deficits can be widespread, ranging from:
being unable to attend to the task (a)
not wanting to do it in the first place (b)
not being able to make choices and plan out the steps required (c)
not being able to block out unnecessary stimuli and inhibit reflexes (d)
not being able to self-monitor to see if strategy is working (e)
not able to place themselves into environment and situation (f)
(a) attention
(b) volition
(c) planning
(d) response inhibition
(e) response monitoring
(f) self-awareness
a lack of awareness of body parts and their relationship in the environment is a deficit of what?
body scheme (perceptual impairment)
a body scheme deficit can lead to difficulties with what?
dressing, transfers
what is anosognosia? This can happen with a lesion of which artery?
anosognosia is a denial or lack of awareness of the presence of deficits (perceptual impairment).
This can happen with a lesion of the inferior MCA
lesions of which artery(ies) can result in unilateral neglect?
MCA (usually non-dom) superior MCA (non-dom) inferior MCA PCA (non-dom)
note this is a perceptual not a cognitive impairment
figure ground perception is the ability to distinguish the ________(a) from the ________ (b)
(a) foreground
(b) background
