Lecture exam 1- actual questions

Question 1

Calcium ions enter intrinsic (autorhythmic) cardiac muscle cells during which period of an action potential?

Answer 1

plateau phase

Question 2

A second increase in aortic pressure when aortic semilunar valves close and blood rebounds off the valves is marked as the _______________.

Answer 2

dicrotic notch

Question 3

The white blood cell, ____________, enters tissue and differentiates into a macrophage.

Answer 3

monocyte

Question 4

The P wave of a normal ECG indicates _____________.

Answer 4

atrial depolarization

Question 5

The pericardial cavity __________.

Answer 5

contains lubricating fluid called serous fluid

Question 6

If the length of absolute refractory period in contractile cardiac muscle cells were the same as it is in skeletal muscle cells, what would happen?

Answer 6

Tetanus may occur, which causes the heart to remain in contraction for a longer period of time

Question 7

Cardiac output is equal to:

Answer 7

HRxSV

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of intercalated discs?

Answer 8

They have structures which prevents the flow of ions.

Question 9

What effect would compressing the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm have on the cardiovascular system?

stroke volume would decrease

heart rate would eventually increase

All of the answers are correct

cardiac output would decrease

Answer 9

All of the answers are correct

Question 10

The effects of endurance- type athletic training may result in a lower heart rate. This phenomenon:

Answer 10

is caused by hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle

Question 11

The second heart sound, “dup”, is heard in which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 11

isovolumetric relaxation

Question 12

During the early period of ventricular filling _________.

Answer 12

blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves

Question 13

Large arteries near the heart are pulsatile because ____________.

Answer 13

they contain structures that allow the vessel to stretch and recoil

Question 14

Why does the sinoatrial node function as the pacemaker of the heart, and not some other part of the conduction system?

Answer 14

it depolarizes faster than other regions

Question 15

Which of the following is likely during exercise?

Answer 15

Capillary beds of active muscles will have open shunts

Question 16

A blood clot in the first branch off the aortic arch would affect blood flow to the
______.

Answer 16

right side of the head, neck and right upper arm`

Question 17

Which of the following is not a resistance factor?
  blood color 
  vessel length 
  vessel diameter 
  blood viscosity

Answer 17

blood color

Question 18

Aldosterone will\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  increase blood pressure 
  decrease blood volume 
  increase urine output 
  decrease sodium reabsorption

Answer 18

increase blood pressure

Question 19

The chemical which decreases blood pressure is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  epinephrine 
  angiotensin II 
  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
  atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer 19

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 20

ANP reduces blood volume and pressure by _________.
promoting release of ADH
promoting kidneys to reabsorb water
causing vasoconstriction
promoting kidneys to excrete more sodium

Answer 20

promoting kidneys to excrete more sodium

Question 21

Factors that aid in venous return include all except:
  activity in skeletal muscles 
  urinary output 
  pressure changes in thorax 
  venous valves

Answer 21

urinary output

Question 22

If blood pressure is too high, baroreceptors will send information to the nervous system to increase vasodilation and decrease heart rate.
True
False

Answer 22

true

Question 23

All blood cells are formed in the
  liver 
  thymus 
  lymph tissue 
  red bone marrow

Answer 23

red bone marrow

Question 24

Which of the following is a cell fragment?
  platelet 
  monocyte 
  lymphocyte 
  eosinophil

Answer 24

platelet

Question 25

Which part of hemoglobin does O2 bind to in RBCs? Fe+ in heme Fe+ in heme and amino acid in globin amino acid in globin neither Fe+ in heme nor amino acid in globin

Answer 25

amino acid in globin

Question 26

In which phase of the cardiac cycle would you expect a steady EDV, an increase in ventricular pressure, and the first heart sound “lub”?

Answer 26

isovolumetric contraction

Question 27

``` Erythrocytes _______. require oxygen for aerobic metabolism none of the above both a and b transport oxygen ```

Answer 27

transport oxygen

Question 28

``` Which of the following may trigger the release of erythropoietin? hypoxia in kidneys increased number of RBCs decreased tissue demand of oxygen moving to lower altitude ```

Answer 28

hypoxia in kidneys

Question 29

Stroke volume increases when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated. Which sequence is correct in describing this event? 1 - Ca2+ channels open Ca2+ released from SR 2 - actin binding sites are exposed 3 - SNS release NE 4 - increase of contraction 4,1,3,2 3,4,1,2 3,1,2,4 4,3,1,2

Answer 29

3,1,2,4

Question 30

Systolic pressure refers to____________________. the pressure exerted on the large arteries when the ventricles contract the total pressure required to push blood into tissue the lowest pressure exerted in the large arteries the contraction of the larger arteries near the heart

Answer 30

the pressure exerted on the large arteries when the ventricles contract

Question 31

``` If the vagus nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that there would be no affect on the heart the heart would stop the heart rate would decrease the heart rate would increase ```

Answer 31

The heart rate would decrease

Question 32

Increased heart rate will cause preload to _________. increase decrease

Answer 32

decrease

Question 33

``` Consider the membrane potential of cardiac contractile cells. What causes an extended depolarization? opening of K+ channels opening of Na+ channels Na+/K+ pump prolonged influx of Ca2+ ```

Answer 33

prolonged influx of Ca2+

Question 34

Platelets form blood clots. True False

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Sinusoidal capillaries can be found in skeletal muscles and are the least permeable. bone marrow for large molecules. small intestines for absorption of nutrients. kidneys to filter the blood.

Answer 35

Bone marrow

Question 36

The tunica externa of large vessels contain vasa vasorum. What is vasa vasorum? small blood vessels which supply blood to the outer tunics fibers that function in protection tissue that aids in anchoring the vessel to nearby organs

Answer 36

small blood vessels which supply blood to the outer tunics

Question 37

``` Which of the following depolarizes at 75 bpm with the influence of the vagus nerve? AV bundle AV node Purkinje fibers SA node ```

Answer 37

SA node

Question 38

Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood deoxygenated blood

Answer 38

oxygenated blood

Question 39

``` The right atrium receives blood from the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, and Coronary Sinus ```

Answer 39

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, and Coronary Sinus

Question 40

``` What occurs during depolarization of a cardiac cell membrane? Na+ leaves the cell K+ enters the cell Na+ enters the cell K+ leaves the cell ```

Answer 40

Na+ enters the cell

Question 41

What is the function of calcium in cardiac muscle fibers? detaches the myosin head from actin filament exposes actin binding sites for myosin attachment

Answer 41

exposes actin binding sites for myosin attachment

Question 42

``` Blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle by passing through which valve? tricuspid valve bicuspid (mitral) valve pulmonary semilunar valve aortic semilunar valve ```

Answer 42

tricuspid valve

Question 43

Which type of blood capillary forms the blood brain barrier to prevent toxins from passing to the nervous system? fenestrated sinusoidal continuous

Answer 43

continuous

Question 44

Blood travels from the left ventricle to the __________. right atrium left atrium aorta pulmonary trunk

Answer 44

aorta

Question 45

Jay and Jane were watching a horror movie on a Saturday night. During a gory scene, Jane saw a man getting his right arm severed and blood was squirting out. Why is the blood squirting? an artery was severed therefore there was high pressure an artery was severed therefore there was low pressure a vein was severed therefore there was high pressure a vein was severed therefore there was high pressure a vein was severed therefore there was low pressure

Answer 45

an artery was severed therefore there was high pressure