Lecture Exam 1 (Unit 1) Flashcards

Question

Mechanical Energy

Answer 1

Movement of matter

Answer 2

Travels in waves

Answer 3

Identical building blocks of each element

Answer 4

Charge: +1 Location: Nucleus Mass: 1 amu Symbol: p^+

Answer 5

Charge: 0 Location: Nucleus Mass: 1 amu Symbol: n^0

Answer 6

Charge: -1 Location: Shells or cloud Mass: 0 amu Symbol: e^-

Answer 7

1s2 , 2s2, 2p2.

Answer 8

1s2 2s2 2p4

Answer 9

1s2 2s2 2p3

Answer 10

Equal Sharing of electrons

Answer 11

Unequal sharing of electrons

Answer 12

Involves transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Answer 13

Weak bonds individually, many together are strong

Answer 14

arise as a consequence of the interaction of their hydrophobic (i.e., "water-disliking") amino acids with the polar solvent, water.

Answer 15

2+ atoms held together by chemical bonds

Answer 16

Body can't make these amino acids

Answer 17

Body can make these amino acids

Answer 18

-Occur when chemical bonds are formed, rearranged or broken - Relative amounts of reactants and products - Theoretically reversible - Chem. equilibrium occurs if neither a forward nor reverse rxn is dominant - Many biological reactions are not reversible because: Energy requirements, removal of products

Answer 19

Input of a chemical equation

Answer 20

Output of a chemical equation

Answer 21

Source of cellular energy, Structural purposes (genes), cell-to-cell interactions

Answer 22

2 monosaccharides linked

Answer 23

3-10 monosaccharides linked

Answer 24

Many monosaccharides linked together

Answer 25

Polymer(Polysaccharide), chains of carbohydrates linked

Answer 26

Neutral fats, Phospholipids, Steroids, Eicosanoids, Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 27

Source of energy, forms cell membrane, serves as fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), can function as steroids (hormones, membranes, cholesterol), serve as eicosanoids (Role in BP, inflammation and pain)

Answer 28

Water-fearing

Answer 29

Water-loving

Answer 30

Structure, Energy (4 Cal/g), works as catalyst, transport substances in blood, communicate info to cells, Act as receptors, defend

Answer 31

A protein that speeds up a reaction

Answer 32

A molecule that an enzyme reacts with

Answer 33

Losing H2O, to get a larger product

Answer 34

Adding H2O to break bonds

Answer 35

DNA: 2 strands, double helix, Has thymine RNA: 1 strand, 1 helix, has uracil instead of thymine Both found in nucleus during protein synthesis, RNA is also found in the cytoplasm

Answer 36

Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

Answer 37

Adenine Uracil Cytosine Guanine

Answer 38

Allows certain things to go in and out

Answer 39

Does not require ATP, molecules spread through membranes from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Answer 40

Via protein carrier specific for 1 chemical, binding of substrate causes shape change in transport protein

Answer 41

Via a channel protein, mostly ions selected on basis of size and shape

Answer 42

ATP is required

Answer 43

Occurs when a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, allowing its contents to be released outside the cell

Answer 44

The ingestion of large particles (such as bacteria) and the uptake of fluids or macromolecules in small vesicles.

Answer 45

Higher osmotic pressure than another solution

Answer 46

Lower osmotic pressure than another solution

Answer 47

Same amount of osmotic pressure of another osmotic solution

Answer 48

Smallest living unit of life

Answer 49

The quantity of a solute that is contained in a particular quantity of solvent or solution

Answer 50

Occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than another

Answer 51

From strongest to weakest: Ionic Bond ------> Covalent Bond --------> Hydrogen Bond

Answer 52

A+ B ----> AB

Answer 53

AB ------> A + B

Answer 54

A+ BC ------> AC + B

Answer 55

AB + CD -------> AD + CB

Answer 56

Found in the nuclei of our cells and allow DNA to be accurately copied during cell division

Answer 57

Antiparallel strands, Sugar +Phosphate backbone, Nucleotides bonded by H bonds

Answer 58

Typically in the shape of a clover or an L, has two ends, 5’ and 3’ ends. The 5’ end consists of a phosphate group which is attached to the 5th carbon atom of ribose sugar while the other 3’ end has a free OH group on the 3-carbon atom

Answer 59

Substance that is being dissolved, substance present in the least amount

Answer 60

Substance doing the dissolving, substance present in the largest amount

Answer 61

Structure: Phospholipid bilayer with imbedded proteins, and carbohydrates function: Protection from foreign bodies, structure, transport purpose: Allows materials to go in and out of cell

Answer 62

Structure: has lipid bilayer, an inner nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane function: barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm purpose: protects DNA and RNA that is inside nucleus

Answer 63

Structure: made up of a series of flattened stacked pouches called cisternae, has ubules, vesicles, and vacuoles Function: Helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules Purpose: It processes, modifies, and packages proteins and other macromolecules

Answer 64

Structure: Composed of lipids and proteins, with a single membrane covering the internal enzymes Function: Breaks down excess or worn-out cell parts Purpose: Cleans up cell waste

Answer 65

Structure: double-membraned, rod-shaped structure, consisting of inner and outer mitochondrial membranes separated by an intermembrane space Function: Generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions Purpose: Makes ATP for the cell

Answer 66

Nonselective structures that discriminate between solutes on the basis of size, allowing the passage of molecules that are sufficiently small to fit

Answer 67

Carrier proteins

Answer 68

Transmembrane proteins

Lecture Exam 1 (Unit 1) Flashcards

(107 cards)