Lecture Exam Flashcards
(16 cards)
What two systems work together to regulate body functions?
The nervous system and the endocrine system
The nervous system is faster and more dominant than the endocrine system.
What are the three core functions of the nervous system?
- Sensory input
- Integration
- Motor output
Sensory input monitors changes, integration processes information, and motor output enacts changes.
What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) include?
The brain and spinal cord
The CNS is primarily involved in information processing and integration.
What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consist of?
All nervous tissue outside the CNS
The PNS transmits information between the body and the CNS.
What are the two subdivisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
- Sensory afferent division
- Motor efferent division
The sensory afferent division sends sensory data to the CNS, while the motor efferent division sends commands from the CNS to effectors.
What does the Somatic Nervous System control?
Voluntary movements
It sends signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles.
What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
Controls involuntary functions
The ANS sends signals to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
- Sympathetic division
- Parasympathetic division
The sympathetic division manages the ‘fight or flight’ response, while the parasympathetic division manages the ‘rest and digest’ response.
What are the two main types of cells in nervous tissue?
- Neurons
- Glial Cells
Neurons are responsible for sensing and transmitting information, while glial cells support neurons.
What is the role of astrocytes in the CNS?
Help form the blood-brain barrier and maintain interstitial fluid
Astrocytes are a type of glial cell.
What do ependymal cells do?
Line the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord
Ependymal cells are another type of glial cell in the CNS.
What function do microglia serve in the CNS?
Remove debris and fight infections
Microglia are specialized glial cells.
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
Form myelin sheaths to insulate neurons
Oligodendrocytes are important for neuron insulation in the CNS.
What do Schwann cells do in the PNS?
Form myelin sheaths around neurons
Schwann cells are also known as neurolemmocytes.
What is the role of satellite cells in the PNS?
Support neuron cell bodies and maintain interstitial fluid
Satellite cells are a type of glial cell in the PNS.
Fill in the blank: Neurons have diverse shapes and sizes, but all share a _______.
[soma (cell body)]
The soma contains organelles and acts as the site for signal integration.
