Lecture Exam 2 Flashcards
(215 cards)
1
Q
What is the name of the diagnostic test where a thin tube is threaded through blood vessels into the heart?
A
Cardiac catheterization
2
Q
What do you call a heart sound that is heard in addition to the normal ones?
A
Murmur
3
Q
What type of medication helps lower cholesterol levels in the bloodstream?
A
Antilipidemic
4
Q
What is a weak spot in an artery wall called?
A
Aneurysm
5
Q
What part of the arteries is removed during an endarterectomy?
A
Inner lining of arteries
6
Q
What is the term for the highest pressure measured when taking blood pressure?
A
Systolic
7
Q
What is the medical term for a blood pressure cuff?
A
Sphygmomanometer
8
Q
What is the general term for the hardening of the arteries?
A
Arteriosclerosis
9
Q
What does the abbreviation MVP stand for in cardiology?
A
Mitral valve prolapse
10
Q
What device is used to take over the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?
A
Pacemaker
11
Q
What is another name for the bicuspid valve in the heart?
A
Mitral
12
Q
What kind of vessels are not part of the cardiovascular system?
A
Lymphatic vessels
13
Q
What heart condition reduces the amount of blood flowing out of the left side of the heart?
A
Congestive heart failure
14
Q
What procedure involves using a balloon to open up a narrowed coronary artery?
A
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
15
Q
What is the medical term for a heart attack?
A
Myocardial infarction
16
Q
What is the name of the inner layer of the heart’s muscle?
A
Endocardium
17
Q
Where does the right atrium of the heart receive blood from?
A
Superior and inferior vena cavae
18
Q
What is the medical term for inflammation of a vein?
A
Phlebitis
19
Q
What is the term for having abnormally low blood pressure?
A
Hypotension
20
Q
What are two examples of abnormal heart rhythms?
A
Fibrillation and flutter
21
Q
What is another name for a cardiac stress test?
A
Treadmill test
22
Q
What is the name of the one-way valve between the atrium and ventricle that has three cusps?
A
Tricuspid valve
23
Q
What is the medical term for swollen, varicose veins in the anal region?
A
Hemorrhoids
24
Q
Which blood vessels bring deoxygenated blood into the heart?
A
Superior and inferior vena cavae
25
Where in the body does gas exchange occur between blood and tissues?
Capillary beds
26
What do you call a blood clot that forms and stays in place within a blood vessel?
Thrombus
27
What does the term hyperlipidemia mean?
A condition with excessive levels of lipids in the bloodstream
28
What happens during heart valve prolapse?
The valve cusps are loose and don’t close tightly
29
What is the name of the sac surrounding the heart?
Pericardium
30
What is the upper heart chamber called?
Atrium
31
What is the natural pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial node
32
What is the contraction phase of the heart chamber called?
Systole
33
What is the inner layer of an artery called?
Endothelium
34
What valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral valve
35
What is the lower heart chamber called?
Ventricle
36
What is the outer layer of the heart called?
Epicardium
37
What is the wall that separates the heart chambers called?
Septum
38
What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
39
What is the term for an irregular heartbeat?
Arrhythmia
40
What is the combining form that means "clot"?
Thromb/o
41
What combining form refers to the heart?
Coron/o
41
What suffix means "small"?
-ole
42
What combining form means "vein"?
Phleb/o
43
What prefix means "across"?
Trans-
44
What suffix means "enlarged"?
-megaly
45
What combining form means "body"?
Corpor/o
46
What combining form refers to "fatty substance"?
Ather/o
47
What combining form means "heart muscle"?
Myocardi/o
48
Which cells in the spleen are responsible for engulfing pathogens through phagocytosis?
Macrophages
49
What condition forms fibrous lesions in organs such as lymph nodes, liver, skin, lungs, and spleen?
Sarcoidosis
50
What acute infectious disease is characterized by a high number of atypical mononuclear lymphocytes?
Mononucleosis
51
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
Type O
52
What are the foreign proteins displayed by disease-causing agents that trigger an immune response?
Antigens
53
What condition involves a reduction in red blood cells or hemoglobin?
Anemia
54
What term describes blood prepared for transfusion that primarily contains erythrocytes?
Packed red cells
55
What is the condition where too many red blood cells are produced?
Polycythemia vera
56
What kind of infection results from exposure to pathogens in a hospital setting?
Nosocomial infection
57
What blood test helps indicate the presence of inflammatory disease?
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
58
What hereditary disorder is associated with prolonged blood-clotting time?
Hemophilia
59
What test measures the amount of hemoglobin in a blood sample?
Hemoglobin test
60
What type of cell can ingest and destroy bacteria and foreign particles?
Phagocyte
61
What term means “blood destruction”?
Hemolytic
62
What condition involves inflammation and blockage of lymph vessels, leading to severe swelling?
Elephantiasis
63
What diagnostic test is used for detecting autoimmune diseases?
Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
64
What type of immunity is developed after direct exposure to a pathogen?
Active acquired immunity
65
What pneumonia is common in immunocompromised individuals, such as AIDS patients?
Pneumocystis
66
What waste product is formed when old red blood cells are broken down?
Bilirubin
67
Which formed elements in blood are enucleated (lack a nucleus)?
Red blood cells
68
What type of infection is transmitted from one person to another?
Cross-infection
69
What lymph node region drains the legs and lower pelvis?
Inguinal
70
What general term refers to a blood-related disease?
Dyscrasia
71
What structure is formed when thrombin converts fibrinogen?
Blood clot
72
What does the spleen filter out and destroy?
Old red blood cells
73
What parts of the lymphatic system are located only in the chest cavity?
Thymus and thoracic ducts
74
What medication is used to stop bleeding?
A hemostatic agent
75
What abbreviation refers to a disease where children are born without a functioning immune system?
SCID
76
What carries lymph fluid from body tissues to lymph vessels?
Lymphatic capillaries
77
What is a general term for a disease affecting the blood?
Dyscrasia
78
What term describes abnormal flow of blood out of a blood vessel (bleeding)?
Hemorrhage
79
What is the medical term for an enlarged spleen?
Splenomegaly
80
What is the term for a white blood cell?
Leukocyte
81
What is the condition of having too few of all blood cells?
Pancytopenia
82
What is another term for a clotting cell or platelet?
Thrombocyte
83
What type of cells engulf and remove pathogens?
Macrophages
84
What term means "pertaining to the armpits"?
Axillary
85
What type of medication dissolves existing blood clots?
Fibrinolytic
86
What lab test checks blood for bacterial growth?
Culture and sensitivity
87
What combining form means "flesh" or "connective tissue"?
Sarc/o
88
What combining form means "clumping"?
Agglutin/o
89
What suffix means "blood condition"?
-emia
90
What suffix means "treatment"?
-therapy
91
What combining form means "color"?
Chrom/o
92
What suffix means "formation"?
-poiesis
93
What prefix means "one"?
Mono-
94
What suffix means "abnormal condition"?
-osis
95
What combining form means "eat" or "swallow"?
Phag/o
96
Which term is also called suffocation?
Asphyxia
97
Which blood type is called the universal donor?
Type O
98
Which term means inflammation of the nose and throat?
Nasopharyngitis
99
Which term means too few white blood cells?
Leukopenia
100
Blood cells are produced in the:
Red bone marrow
101
Which term means pleural pain?
Pleurodynia
102
What bacterial infection forms a thick membranous film across the throat?
Diphtheria
103
What condition may cause an infarct in the lungs?
Pulmonary emboli
104
What is a general term for a blood disease?
Dyscrasia
105
What condition results in thick blood due to too many red blood cells?
Polycythemia vera
106
What does the abbreviation PFT stand for?
Pulmonary function test
107
Which blood type is the universal recipient?
Type AB
108
What term means too many white cells?
Leukocytosis
109
Which abbreviation stands for a life-threatening condition in babies?
SIDS
110
Which is not a formed element of blood?
Plasma
111
What term means disease producing?
Pathogenic
112
What term means too few red blood cells?
Erythropenia
113
What is not transported by plasma?
Oxygen
114
Which type of anemia is caused by excessive loss of red blood cells?
Hemolytic anemia
115
What condition is commonly called "walking pneumonia"?
Mycoplasma pneumonia
116
What terms means “pertaining to blood”?
hematic and sanguinous
117
What term means a high-pitched breathing sound?
Stridor
118
What term means blood destruction?
Hemolytic
119
Which condition is a blood infection?
Septicemia
120
What is the correct anatomical order of airways?
Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes
121
Inhalation brings in fresh ________ and exhalation removes ________.
Oxygen, carbon dioxide
122
What term means a nosebleed?
Epistaxis
123
What condition causes overexpanded alveoli due to wall destruction?
Emphysema
124
What is mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract called?
Sputum
125
What term means lymph gland inflammation?
Lymphadenitis
126
The medical term meaning not (without) breathing is
Apnea
127
What is the low-pitched, snoring sound heard during expiration, often in asthma or pneumonia?
Rhonchi
128
Another name for the windpipe is
Trachea
129
Another name for the thyroid cartilage is
Adam’s apple
130
The medical term for a runny nose is
Rhinorrhea
131
What is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs called?
External respiration
132
What is the air remaining in the lungs after a forceful exhalation?
Residual volume
133
A medication that improves the ability to cough up mucus is called a(n)
Expectorant
134
What is the surgical puncture of the chest wall to remove fluid?
Thoracentesis
135
What is the central region of the chest cavity between the lungs?
Mediastinum
136
What flap covers the larynx and trachea during eating?
Epiglottis
137
The sac around each lung is called the
Pleural cavity
138
What lines the respiratory tract and moisturizes inhaled air?
Mucous membrane
139
Surgical removal of an entire lung is called a
Pneumonectomy
140
Anosmia is the loss of
Sense of smell
141
What is the major muscle for inhalation?
Diaphragm
142
Which abbreviation is a blood test?
ABGs (Arterial Blood Gases)
143
What is the medical term for tapping the chest to assess lung condition?
Percussion
144
What muscular structure is located between the pharynx and trachea?
Larynx
145
What lymphatic tissues help block pathogens from entering through air or food?
Tonsils
146
What part of the respiratory system is also part of the digestive system?
Pharynx
147
Which procedure treats cystic fibrosis by draining lung secretions using gravity?
Postural drainage
148
What small hairs filter out dirt particles in the nostrils?
Cilia
149
What test checks for tuberculosis exposure?
Mantoux test
150
What is a pulmonary function test?
A test group measuring airflow, lung volume, and gas exchange
151
What infection is commonly known as whooping cough?
Pertussis
152
What is inflammation of the pleura causing sharp chest pain with breathing?
Pleurisy
153
What condition involves the collapse of alveoli in the lungs?
Atelectasis
154
What disease results from inhalation of toxic environmental particles?
Pneumoconiosis
155
What term refers to the presence of pus in the chest cavity?
Pyothorax
156
What suffix means smell?
-osmia
157
What combining form refers to the voice box?
laryng/o
158
What is the term that means no oxygen?
Anoxia
159
What suffix means breathing?
-pnea
160
What combining form means upright or straight?
orth/o
161
What combining form means cough?
tuss/o
162
What is the inflammation of the nose called?
Rhinitis
163
What suffix refers to voice or sound?
-phonia
164
What type of medication kills bacteria?
Antibiotic
165
What combining form means mucus?
muc/o
166
What is the storage area for bile called?
Gallbladder
167
What are canker sores medically known as?
Aphthous ulcers
168
What is another name for cuspids (pointed teeth)?
Canines
169
What is an outpouching off the gut called?
Diverticulum
170
What are cold sores medically called?
Herpes labialis
171
What is another name for spastic colon?
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
172
What is the medical term for heartburn?
Pyrosis
173
What is the main tooth substance called?
Dentin
174
What is stomach inflammation called?
Gastritis
175
What are muscular valves in the digestive tract called?
Sphincters
176
What is the medical root word for gums?
gingiv/o
177
What suffix means "a meal"?
-prandial
178
What is the root word for bile?
chol/e
179
What suffix means "surgical crushing"?
-tripsy
180
What term means excessive (many) eating?
polyphagia
181
What is the root word for liver?
hepat/o
182
What is the root word for tooth?
dent/o
183
What is the root word for lip?
labi/o
184
What prefix means abnormal?
dys-
185
What suffix means digestion?
-pepsia
186
The three parts of the stomach are the body, antrum, and __?
fundus
187
What is the liquid mixture of food and gastric juices in the stomach called?
chyme
188
Another name for a lower GI series is __?
barium enema
189
What occurs when the bowel twists upon itself?
Volvulus
190
Surgical excision of the gallbladder is called __?
cholecystectomy
191
What is the function of the anal sphincter?
It controls the evacuation of feces or defecation.
192
What is the medical term for vomiting?
emesis
193
What is the anterior opening of the oral cavity?
lips
194
Food is propelled along the esophagus by wavelike muscular contractions called __?
peristalsis
195
The surgical creation of an opening into the ileum is called a(n) __?
ileostomy
196
Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the __?
gallbladder
197
Blood levels of alanine transaminase are elevated in persons with which disease?
liver disease
198
The gag reflex is located at the __?
uvula
199
The salivary glands begin the digestion of carbohydrates by secreting __?
amylase
200
The accessory digestive organ that processes absorbed nutrients, aids in detoxifying harmful materials, and produces bile is the __?
liver
201
What is the collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity called?
ascites
202
Which condition is associated with the Helicobacter pylori bacteria?
peptic ulcer
203
What is the general term for the creation of a passageway between two organs or vessels?
anastomosis
204
The layer of hard tissue that covers the dentin of a tooth is called the __?
enamel
205
What does "gavage" mean?
To use a nasogastric (NG) tube to place liquids directly into the stomach.
206
The portion of a tooth above the gum line is called the __?
crown
207
What does "postprandial" mean?
after a meal
208
A disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, and dehydration is called __?
dysentery
209
Which section of the large intestine is described as a small worm-shaped outgrowth?
vermiform appendix
210
The form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the ileum and/or colon is __?
Chrohn disease
211
What does the gallbladder do in response to fat in chyme?
It contracts and sends bile down the cystic duct
212
The organs of digestion found in the alimentary canal include the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, anus, and __?
oral cavity
213
At 12 feet in length, what is the longest portion of the small intestine?
ileum
214
Which teeth are responsible for grinding food into finer pieces?
pre/molars
