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BIO 120 > Lecture Exam 3 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 3 Flashcards

Ch. 9-11 (90 cards)

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1
Q

What is the main function of the urinary system?

A

To maintain a stable internal environment

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2
Q

What are four responsibilities of the urinary system?

A
  1. Maintain a stable internal environment
  2. Remove waste products
  3. Adjust water and electrolyte levels
  4. Maintain the correct pH
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3
Q

Which organs make up the urinary system?

A

Two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and one urethra

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4
Q

What does the combining form azot/o mean?

A

Nitrogenous waste

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5
Q

What does the combining form bacteri/o mean?

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

What does the combining form cyst/o mean?

A

Urinary bladder

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7
Q

What does the combining form glomerul/o mean?

A

Glomerulus

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8
Q

What does the combining form glycos/o mean?

A

Sugar, glucose

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9
Q

What does the combining form home/o mean?

A

Sameness

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10
Q

What does the combining form hydr/o mean?

A

water

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11
Q

What does the combining form iatr/o mean?

A

Physician, medicine, treatment

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12
Q

What does the combining form idi/o mean?

A

dinstinctive

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13
Q

What does the combining form keton/o mean?

A

ketones

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14
Q

What does the combining form meat/o mean?

A

meatus

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15
Q

What does the combining form nephr/o mean?

A

kidney

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16
Q

What does the combining form noct/i mean?

A

night

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17
Q

What does the combining form olig/o mean?

A

scanty

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18
Q

What does the combining form protein/o mean?

A

protein

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19
Q

What does the combining form pyel/o mean?

A

renal pelvis

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20
Q

What does the combining form ren/o mean?

A

kidney

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21
Q

What does the combining form tox/o mean?

A

poison

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22
Q

What does the combining form ureter/o mean?

A

ureter

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23
Q

What does the combining form urethr/o mean?

A

urethra

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24
Q

What does the combining form urin/o mean?

A

urine

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25
What does the combining form ur/o mean?
urine
26
What does the suffix -lith mean?
stone
27
What does the suffix -ptosis mean?
drooping
28
What does the suffix -uria mean?
urine condition
29
What is another name for the urinary system?
Genitourinary system or GU system
30
What is the main function of the urinary system?
To filter and remove wastes from the blood via urine
31
What happens if waste is not removed from the body?
It becomes toxic
32
What is the buildup of waste in the blood called?
uremia
33
How are wastes removed from the body?
By a system of blood vessels and tubules
34
Where does filtration of the blood occur?
In the nephrons
35
What are the kidneys made of?
millions of nephrons
36
What carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
the ureters
37
What pathway does urine take to exit the body?
Kidney → Ureters → Bladder → Urethra
38
Where are the kidneys located?
Behind the peritoneum; they are retroperitoneal
39
What is the hilum of the kidney?
The entry point for the renal artery and exit point for the renal vein and ureter
40
What enters and exits at the kidney’s hilum?
Renal artery (enters), renal vein and ureter (exit)
41
What is the outer portion of the kidney called?
the cortex
42
What is the inner portion of the kidney called?
the medulla
43
What structures are found in the medulla?
Pyramids pointing inward toward the hilum
44
What does the tip (papilla) of each pyramid open into?
a calyx
45
What do the calyces do?
Collect urine and empty into the renal pelvis
46
What is the working unit of the kidney?
the nephron
47
What are the two main parts of each nephron?
Renal corpuscle and renal tubule
48
What structures are involved in blood filtration in the nephron?
Glomerular capsule and glomerulus
49
What do afferent arterioles do?
carry blood to the glomeruli
50
What do efferent arterioles do?
carry blood away from the glomeruli
51
Where do water and substances filtered from the blood go after the corpuscle?
into the renal tubeles
52
What completes urine production?
the renal tubules
53
What are the four parts of the renal tubule?
Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting tubule
54
What do the ureters do?
Carry urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
55
What is the size of the ureters?
Less than ¼ inch wide and 10–12 inches long
56
What lines the inside of the ureters?
mucous membrane
57
What is the bladder?
An elastic muscular sac in the base of the pelvis
58
What is the bladder composed of?
Three layers of smooth muscle lined with rugae
59
What is the function of the bladder?
To receive and store urine from the ureters
60
How much urine can the bladder hold?
300 to 400 mL
61
What signals the urge to empty the bladder?
The bladder itself
62
What causes involuntary bladder contraction?
involuntary muscles
63
What does the internal sphincter do?
Relaxes involuntarily during urination
64
What does the external sphincter do?
Controls intentional emptying voluntarily
65
When is bladder control typically developed?
after the age of two
66
What is the urethra?
A tubular canal that carries urine out of the bladder
67
What lines the urethra?
mucous membrane
68
How long is the female urethra?
1 to 2 inches
69
How long is the male urethra?
8 inches
70
What is the function of the female urethra?
to carry urine out of the body
71
What is the function of the male urethra?
To carry both urine and semen out of the body
72
What role do the kidneys play in the body?
they maintain homeostasis
73
What does the urinary system regulate?
water and chemical balance
74
What do the kidneys do when the body has too little water?
conserve water
75
What do the kidneys do when the body has excess water?
excrete the extra water
76
What small molecules do the kidneys regulate?
electrolytes
77
What do the kidneys help maintain besides water and electrolytes?
correct pH
78
How do the kidneys perform its tasks?
through urine production
79
What is removed from the blood by nephrons?
Wastes and desirable molecules
80
What are the three stages of urine production?
Filtration, reabsorption, secretion
81
What is the first stage of urine production?
filtration
82
Where does filtration occur?
in the renal capsule
83
What forces material out of the blood during filtration?
pressure
84
What is the fluid called after filtration?
glomerular filtrate
85
What does glomerular filtrate contain?
Water, electrolytes, nutrients, wastes, and toxins
86
What is the second stage of urine production?
reabsorption
87
Where does reabsorption occur?
As filtrate passes through the four sections of the renal tubule
88
What is reabsorbed during this stage?
Most water, electrolytes, and nutrients
89
Where do the reabsorbed materials go?
Back into the blood via peritubular capillaries
90

BIO 120 (2 decks)

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