Lecture Exam 2 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure (BOP) flows in or out of a capillary?
In
Blood Hydrostatic (capillary filtration) Pressure (BHP) flows in or out of a capillary?
Out
Tissue (interstitial) Colloid Osmotic Pressure (TOP) flows in or out of a capillary?
Out
Tissue Hydrostatic (interstitial fluid) Pressure (THP) flows in or out of a capillary?
In
What are the four forms of pressure acting on and within a capillary?
Blood Osmotic, Blood Hydrostatic, Tissue Osmotic, and Tissue Hydrostatic.
What are the long-term and short-term regulatory processes for the arteries?
Long-term: ADH/vasopressin, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, ANH (atrial natriuretic h.), stress-relaxation response, and fluid-shift mechanism (in elderly).
Short-term: baroreceptors, adrenal medulla, chemoreceptors, and CNS ischemic response.
Effects of ANH (atrial natriuretic h.)
Increasing levels of ANH decreases blood volume.
Is stimulated by atria stretching, does the opposite of renin-angio. by excreting sodium and water to reduce blood volume.
Effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
Increasing levels of renin-angio. increases blood volume.
Stimulates the kidney’s adrenal cortex to reabsorb sodium and water.
What is the process of a portal vascular system?
Arterioles to capillaries to venules/veins to capillaries to veins to heart.
Sinusoids/sinus capillaries
Large gaps between cells to allow very large molecules and intact cells to pass.
Often no basement membrane.
In the liver and spleen.
Fenestrated capillaries
Pores in the endothelial cells making the cells highly permeable.
No cells can move through.
Found in intestine, ciliary body and glomerulus of the kidney.
Sinusoidal capillaries
Large pores through which relatively large molecules (such as hormones) can cross.
Continuous capillaries
No pores between endothelial cells.
Found in muscle and nervous tissue (blood-brain barrier).
Layers of the vessels
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
Heart chambers eject blood
Systole
Heart chambers fill with blood
Diastole
Epithelial lining of the capillaries and all other blood vessels
Endothelium
Stroke Volume
mL/beat
Heart Rate
bpm
Cardiac Output
mL/min
Functional order of the hepatic portal system
intestinal capillaries to mesenteric veins to hepatic portal vein to hepatic capillaries/sinusoids to hepatic veins to inferior vena cava
