Lecture Exam 3 Review

Question 1

What are the functions of bones?

Answer 1

Support, protection, movement, mineral and growth factor storage, blood cell formation, and triglyceride (fat) storage.

Question 2

What covers the outside of compact bone?

Answer 2

Periosteum

Question 3

What covers the inside of compact bone?

Answer 3

Endosteum

Question 4

What is the shaft of a long bone called?

Answer 4

Diaphysis

Question 5

What is the end of a long bone called?

Answer 5

Epiphyses

Question 6

What is the function of osteocytes?

Answer 6

They maintain bone matrix and act as stress or strain sensors.

Question 7

What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Answer 7

It is produced by parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels.

Question 8

What is hypocalcemia?

Answer 8

low levels of calcium cause hyperexcitability.

Question 9

What gland secretes earwax?

Answer 9

Ceruminous glands

Question 10

Which glands are specific only to genitalia and axillary regions?

Answer 10

Apocrine glands

Question 11

What is the start codon?

Answer 11

AUG

Question 12

Epidermis consists of what type of tissue?

Answer 12

Epithelial tissue and it is avascular.

Question 13

What tissue mostly makes up the dermis?

Answer 13

Fibrous connective tissue, and it is vascular.

Question 14

What tissue mostly makes up the hypodermis?

Answer 14

Adipose tissue.

Question 15

What is the function of desmosomes?

Answer 15

Tightly holds 2 cells together.

Question 16

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?

Answer 16

Stratum basale

Question 17

How many layers make up the thick skin and where is it primarily found?

Answer 17

It contains five layers and it is mainly found in the palm of the hands, and the soles of the feet.

Question 18

What is the layer of skin called that is ONLY found in thick skin?

Answer 18

Stratum lucidum

Question 19

Cyanosis can indicate what?

Answer 19

blue skin color; low oxygenation of hemoglobin.

Question 20

Pallor

Answer 20

blanching, pale color; indicates anemia, low blood pressure, and fear.

Question 21

Erythmea

Answer 21

Redness; indicates fever, hypertension, inflammation, and allergy.

Question 22

Jaundice

Answer 22

Yellow; liver disorders.

Question 23

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 23

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale.

Question 24

What is the function of the lacunae of the osteon?

Answer 24

Small cavities that contain osteocytes.

Question 25

Name some tissues with virtually no functional regenerative capacity?

Answer 25

Cardiac muscle and nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 26

Tissues that regenerate extremely well include:

Answer 26

Epithelial tissues, bone, areolar connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, blood-forming tissue.

Question 27

What does avascular mean?

Answer 27

No blood vessels.

Question 28

What do osteocytes do?

Answer 28

Maintain the matrix.

Question 29

What are osteons?

Answer 29

Individual units of the compact bone.

Question 30

What is found at the tip of long bones, nose, trachea, larynx, and cartilage of the ribs?

Answer 30

Hyaline cartilage

Question 31

What type of cartilage is found in the ears and epiglottis?

Answer 31

Elastic cartilage

Question 32

What strong cartilage is found in intervertebral discs, knee, and pubic symphysis?

Answer 32

Fibrocartilage.