LECTURE exam 4- Ch. 23 Flashcards
1
Q
- interstitial fluid (fluid in between cells)
- lymphocytes (primary for immune response; circulate in lymphatic fluid)
- macrophages (engulf unknown things)
A
lymph
2
Q
- pass through lymphatic tissue & organs
- deliver lymph to venous circulation
A
lymphatic vessels
3
Q
- thymus
- red bone marrow
A
primary lymphatic structures
4
Q
- tonsils
- lymph nodes (axillary, lumbar, pelvic, inguinal)
- spleen
- mucosa (associated lymphoid tissue)
A
secondary lymphatic structures
5
Q
- produce, maintain & distribute lymphocytes
- provide alternative transport route
- maintain normal blood volume & composition of interstitial fluid
A
functions of lymphatic system
6
Q
- cause differentiation of lymphocytes resulting in: T cells, B cells & NK cells
A
primary lymphatic structures
7
Q
“front line” defense
- consist of lymphocytes & B cells
A
secondary lymphatic structures
8
Q
- hormones
- nutrients: lipids transferred by lacteal system are carried to the bloodstream via lymphatic vessels
- waste products
A
functions of lymphatic system: provide alternative transport route
9
Q
relatively high capillary pressure forces ___ & ___ out of plasma into interstitial fluid area
A
solutes & water
10
Q
- small
- only found in places with vasculature
- lacteals are specialized capillaries in SI
A
lymphatic capillaries
11
Q
larger-diameter lymphatic vessels
A
lymphatic ducts
12
Q
whats A
A
incomplete basal lamina
13
Q
whats B
A
lymphatic valve
14
Q
- larger in diameter
- thinner walls
- irregular outline
- anchoring filaments that connect to surrounding connective tissue keep capillaries open
- greater permeability
A
lymphatic capillaries
15
Q
- thinner walls & larger lumens
- do not have easily identifiable tunics
- have valves just like most veins
- pressure is lower than veins
- skeletal muscle contraction helps propel lymph
- inhalation decreases thoracic pressure, which helps to move lymph toward venous system
A
lymphatic vessels
16
Q
- subcutaneous layer
- mucous lining of digestive, respiratory, urinary & reproductive tracts
- serous lining of pleural, pericardial, & peritoneal cavities
A
superficial lymphatics
17
Q
skeletal muscle, neck, limbs, trunk & visceral organs
A
deep lymphatics
18
Q
convergence of deep & superficial
A
lymphatic trunks
19
Q
- thoracic duct drain
- right lymphatic drain
A
all trunks drain into one of two ducts
20
Q
right side of body superior to diaphragm: arm/ torso /neck & head
A
right lymphatic drains
- labeled A
21
Q
- lymph inferior to the diaphragm: abdomen / both legs
- left side of body superior to diaphragm: arm / torso / neck & head
A
thoracic duct drains
- labeled B
22
Q
primary cells of lymphatic system
A
lymphocytes
23
Q
- invading bacteria & viruses
- abnormal body cells such as cancer cells
- foreign proteins such as toxins released by some bacteria
A
lymphocytes respond to –
24
Q
- exit bloodstream to enter interstitial spaces
- re enter bloodstream via lymphatic vessels
A
lymphocytes travel throughout the body
25
- originate in bone marrow but travel to the thymus gland & become immunocompetent (activated) by thymosin
- mature cells leave thymus & migrate to red bone marrow & spleen
T cells
26
attack foreign cells & viruses
cytotoxic T cells
27
stimulate T & B cells; enhance antibody production
Helper T cells
28
moderate immune response
regulatory T cells
29
activated upon subsequent antigen exposure
memory T cells
30
- originate & become immunocompetent in bone marrow
- mature cells enter bloodstream & migrate to peripheral tissues
B cells
31
Can differentiate to form:
- plasma cells (produce antibodies that react with antigens)
- memory B cells (become activated if same antigen reappears)
B cells
32
- attack foreign cells
- attack normal cells that are infected with viruses
- attack cancer cells
NK cells
33
both lymphatic tissue & lymphatic nodules are lymphatic tissues without a ___
capsule
34
- mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
- tonsils (5 sets)
- aggregated lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches & appendix)
types of nodules
35
lymphatic nodules associated with digestive tract
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
36
- one pharyngeal
- two palatine
- two lingual
tonsils
37
lymphatic nodules associated with small intestine
aggregated lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches & appendix)
38
separated from surrounding tissue by a fibrous capsule
lymphatic organs
39
- lymph nodes
- thymus glands
- spleen
- red marrow
lymphatic organs
40
Whats labeled A
medulla (B cells and macrophages)
41
Whats labeled B
paracortex (T cells)
42
Whats labeled C
afferent vessel
43
Whats labeled D
cortex (B cells)
44
Whats labeled E
Hilum
45
Whats labeled F
efferent vessel
46
Whats labeled A
capsule
47
Whats labeled B
subcapsular space
48
Whats labeled C
outer cortex
49
Whats labeled D
dendritic cells
50
whats labeled A
septa (fibrous layer that separates lobules)
51
whats labeled B
lobule
52
- stem cells that differentiate to form T cells
- mature T cells migrate to medulla
cortex consists of
53
T cells that remain inactive until they enter circulation
medulla consists of
54
produce thymic hormones such as thymosin
epithelial reticular cells
55
- lies posterior to manubrium of sternum
- consists of two thymic lobes
- consists of numerous lobules separated by septa
thymus galnd
56
- largest lymphatic organ
- attached to left side of stomach via gastrosplenic ligament
- visceral surface has hilium
- stores Fe & RBCs
- activates B cells & T cells
- will destroy old/damaged RBC
spleen
57
whats labeled A
hilum
58
whats labeled B
splenic vein
59
whats labeled C
splenic artery
60
whats labeled D
splenic lymphatic vessel
61
- contains large quantities of red blood cells & macrophages
- macrophages identify & engulf damaged or infected red blood cells
red pulp
62
- forms lymphoid nodules
- can respond to antigens or pathogens in blood
white pulp
63
whats labeled A
buccal lymph node
64
whats labeled B
mandibular lymph node
65
whats labeled C
submental lymph node
66
whats labeled D
submandibular lymph node
67
whats labeled E
mastoid lymph node
68
whats labeled F
occipital lymph node
69
whats labeled G
parotid lymph node
70
whats labeled H
superficial cervical lymph node
71
whats labeled I
deep cervical lymph node
72
whats labeled A
deep inguinal lymph nodes
73
whats labeled B
great saphenous vein
74
whats labeled C
popliteal lymph nodes
75
whats labeled A
pectoralis major
76
whats labeled B
axillary lymph node
77
whats labeled C
cephalic vein
78
whats labeled D
basilic vein
79
whats labeled E
supratrochlear lymph node
80
whats labeled A
subclavian lymph node
81
whats labeled B
axillary lymph nodes
82
whats labeled C
subscapular lymph node
83
whats labeled D
pectoral lymph node
84
whats labeled E
mammary gland
85
whats labeled F
central lymph node
86
whats labeled A
transverse mesocolic lymph nodes
87
whats labeled B
appendicular lymph nodes
