Anatomy lecture- exam 1 (ch.2)

Question 1

Frick’s first law of diffusion
J = ??

Answer 1

rate of diffusion

Question 2

Frick’s first law of diffusion
A = ??

Answer 2

surface area for diffusion

Question 3

Frick’s first law of diffusion equation

Answer 3

Question 4

The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy ex: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Answer 4

passive transport

Question 5

uses ATP to move solutes against concentration gradient

Answer 5

active transport

Question 6

A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes. “cell drinking”

Answer 6

pinocytosis

Question 7

A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells “cell eating”

Answer 7

phagocytosis

Question 8

packaging of extracellular materials into a vesicle (membrane-bound sac) for importation into the cell
- use ATP

Answer 8

endocytosis

Question 9

the release of fluids and/or solids from cells when intracellular vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane
- uses ATP

Answer 9

exocytosis

Question 10

cell to cell communication, structural support, adhesion, physical barrier, regulates exchange with extracellular fluid, senses stimuli

Answer 10

plasma membrane function

Question 11

• site of ATP synthesis
• oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 11

mitochondria

Question 12

Frick’s first law of diffusion
D = ??

Answer 12

diffusion coefficient

Question 13

Frick’s first law of diffusion
ΔC = ??

Answer 13

difference in solute concentration

Question 14

Frick’s first law of diffusion
ΔX = ??

Answer 14

diffusion distance, membrane thickness

Question 15

mitochondrion & nucleus are

Answer 15

double-layered membranes

Question 16

what organelle is this

Answer 16

mitochondria

Question 17

double membrane enclosing nucleus, embedded with proteins
- nuclear pores

Answer 17

nuclear envelope

Question 18

• nucleoli: make ribosomes
  -chromatin: loose coils of chromosomes

Answer 18

nucleoplasm

Question 19

synthesize proteins using RNA template
- free: float in cytoplasm
- attached/fixed: attached to endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 19

ribosomes

Question 20

• increase SA
• churn ECF
• microfilament support

Answer 20

microvilli

Question 21

what structure

Answer 21

microvilli

Question 22

• cell movement
• made of microvilli

Answer 22

flagella

Question 23

intermediate filaments & microtubules

Answer 23

cytoskeleton

Question 24

• anchor organelles
• transport materials

Answer 24

intermediate filaments

Question 25

- move organelles - churn ECF - cell movement - essential for mitosis

Answer 25

microtubules

Question 26

- microvilli - free ribosomes - centriole - centrosome - fixed ribosome - cytoskeleton are all___

Answer 26

nonmembranous organelles

Question 27

-mitochondria -nucleus -endoplasmic reticulum -golgi apparatus -lysosomes -peroxisomes

Answer 27

membranous organelles

Question 28

- high concentration of protein - large reserve of amino acids/ lipids - high intracellular concentration of potassium (-) - low intracellular concentration of sodium (+)

Answer 28

cytosol

Question 29

- synthesis -storage -transport -detoxification

Answer 29

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 30

cisternae + ribosomes - synthesizes/ stores proteins - proteins move via transport vesicles

Answer 30

rough ER

Question 31

cisternae - synthesizes lipids, steroids & carbohydrates -storage of Ca++ -detoxification of toxins

Answer 31

smooth ER

Question 32

- synthesis & packaging of secretions - packaging of enzymes for use in cytosol - renewal & modification of cell membrane

Answer 32

golgi apparatus

Question 33

vesicle filled with digestive enzymes

Answer 33

lysosomes

Question 34

vesicle filled with "house keeping" enzymes - oxidase (converts to hydrogen peroxide) - catalase (converts to water)

Answer 34

peroxisome

Question 35

- phospholipid bilayer - selective permeability

Answer 35

plasma membrane

Question 36

includes the cytosol & organelles

Answer 36

cytoplasm

Question 37

- cell to cell communication, structural support, adhesion - regulates exchange w/ extracellular fluid - physical barrier - senses extracellular stimuli

Answer 37

plasma membrane

Question 38

structure of plasma membranes

Answer 38

- phospholipids - proteins - glycolipids - sterols

Question 39

what type of intercellular connection is shown

Answer 39

Gap junctions

Question 40

what type of intercellular connection is shown

Answer 40

tight junctions

Question 41

what type of intercellular connection is shown

Answer 41

cell adhesion molecules

Question 42

what type of intercellular connection is shown

Answer 42

hemidesmosome

Question 43

"straws" - permits free diffusion of ions & small molecules btw two cells

Answer 43

gap junctions

Question 44

"staples" - formed by fusion of 2 outer layer of plasma membrane - prevent diffusion of fluids & solutes btw cells

Answer 44

tight junctions

Question 45

"velcro" - attach one cell to another

Answer 45

cell adhesion molecules

Question 46

"sewn" - attach epithelial cell to the basement membrane (extracellular structures)

Answer 46

hemidesmosome