Preservation
Making land or some other ecosystem legally unavailable to development.
Conservation
Active involvement in sustaining, maintaining, and improving an ecosystem.
Naturalized
Non-native plants that are established and maintaining themselves.
Adventive
Non-native plants that have spread only into the immediate vicinity of the cultivation site.
Aggressive
Non native plants that are invasive.
Endemic
Native to or confined to a certain region.
Extirpated
Removed completely from a region.
Exctinction
A breed is no longer able to recreate.
History of Conservation
1872- Yellowstone National Park
1951 - Ecological Union (ESA) established the Nature Conservancy
1964 - Wilderness Act - Preservation goal of 9+ million acres
1973 - Endangered Species Act
How exotic plants spread:
Watercraft, seeds shattering, humans, animals and automobiles.
Examples of Aggressive Exotic Species
Japanese Honeysuckle (vine)
Japanese Knotweed (wind dispersal)
Honeysuckle (dispersed by birds)
Garlic Mustard (viable seeds)
Buckthorn (abundant seed producers)
Ohio Rare Plant Law
Natural Areas Act (1978) established and administers statewide nature preserves for natural and rare species.
Pith Types
Chambered - membraneous cross bars (no pith, looks spiraly)
Continuous - solid tissue in center of stem
Diaphragmed - pith has membraneous cross bars in pith (looks segmented)
Hollow - no material, evacuated
Bud Coverings
naked - twig ends in leaves that appear shriveled
one - bud scale forming cone-like tip
valvate - two bud scales
imbricate - multiple bud scales overlapping
Number of Species in Ohio
3000 (1800 native)
Woody Plant Parts
