Lecture Exam - T/F

Question 1

The very first multicellular “metazoans” (animals) to evolve MAY have been the “comb jellies” or Ctenophores, and not the sponges

Question 2

Sponges are generally asymmetrical

Question 3

Sponges lack cells, tissues, organs & organ systems

Question 4

A paraphyletic group is one that includes some but not all of the descendants of a common ancestor

Question 5

A polyphyletic group is one that includes the descendants of more than 1 ancestor.

Question 6

A Phylogeny reflects which taxa of animals are more closely related to one another

Question 7

All systematic methods create monophyletic groupings as their #1 goal

Question 8

Glass sponges (Cl. Hexactinellida) have a multinucleated feeding layer, called the Choanoderm, which is therefore syncytial

Question 9

All Animals in the Phylum Cnidaria have cells in their mesoglea layer

Question 10

One a nematocyst is fired, it can be reeled back into the Cnidocyte for use during another “fight” or for capturing another “prey” item

Question 11

All members of the class Hydrozoa have a medusa phase in their life cycle

Question 12

All members of the class Hydrozoa have a velum in their medusa

Question 13

None of the members of the class Scyphozoa have a velum in their medusa

Question 14

Comb jellies (P. Ctenophora) lack tentacles and stinging cells (Cnidocytes)

Question 15

An exotic or native species of comb jelly is unlikely to have much of an impact on the environment it is introduced into.

Question 16

Cubozoan jellyfish have lensed eyes and there is evidence they can chase after their prey

Question 17

One species of Cubozoan, the “Sea Wasp” has a venom worse than a cobra

Question 18

Some members/species within the class hydrozoa, scyphozoa and anthozoa have symbioses with marine algae

Question 19

All jellyfish, including the “moon jelly” are predators

Question 20

Some comb jellies can eat cnidarians as prey and use their stinging cells

Question 21

The term used to refer to a clade that contains the common ancestor and ALL descendants from that 1 common ancestor is Polyphyletic

Question 22

A shared, derived character found in a group or clade (such as the possession of a cnidocyte) is called a synapomorphy

Question 23

Class Anthozoa has a Medusa stage that transforms into polyps

Question 24

All species found in Phylum Porifera have gemmules.

Question 25

Gemmules are a form of sexual reproduction that are produced by freshwater sponges.

Question 26

In a sponge, water flows into the spongocoel through narrow openings called oscula.

Question 27

Protozoans are able to move around easily through the water column.

Question 28

Phylum Porifera, Class Demospongiae have 6-rayed spicules of glass.

Question 29

Most hydrozoans form colonies of asexual polyps that release free-swimming sexual medusae.

Question 30

Phylum Nemertea has two classes (Anopla & Enopla). Anopla has NO stylets in proboscis WITH separate opening for its mouth and proboscis while Enopla HAS stylets in proboscis that shoot out of its mouth with NO separate opening.

Question 31

A nematocyst is the name of the stinging cell in phylum Cnidaria.

Question 32

Animals in the Class Nemertea have a true coelom.

Question 33

Members of Phylum Platyhelminthes have a gut cavity that is referred to as being pseudocoelomate.

Question 34

A unique feature of Platyhelmintheans is a muscular, eversible proboscis, housed in a fluid-filled cavity, that is shot out to capture prey.

Question 35

Cnidarians are triploblastic.

Question 36

Many sponge species are hermaphroditic

Question 37

The Phylum Cnidaria is included in the Lophotrochozoans

Question 38

All members of the Subclass Octocorallia in the Class Anthozoa form modular colonies.

Question 39

Marine sponges have developed gemmules as an overwintering mechanism in asexual reproduction.

Question 40

Turbellarians have typically have more than one pair of eyes

Question 41

Nemerteans are monoecious.

Question 42

An individual sponge can filter dozens of liters of water a day.

Question 43

Phylum Porifera is single-celled.

Question 44

Phylum Ctenophora has no nematocysts and no colloblasts.

Question 45

Phylum Porifera has no muscles, germ layers, and gut cavity.

Question 46

Climate change has cause coral reefs to bleach out and lose their zooxanthellae.

Question 47

All corals have either a polyp or a medusa stage and sometimes neither, but never both.

Question 48

Class Anopla and Class Enopla in Phylum Nemerta BOTH have one lateral nerve cord.

Question 49

ematocysts are cells that contain cnidae, which are threads fired at prey

Question 50

Ephyra is a step in the life cycle of Obelia.

Question 51

Members of the order Siphonophora ALWAYS have a pneumatophore and nectophore.