LECTURE FINALS Flashcards
(243 cards)
1
Q
Carrots
A
Food storage
2
Q
Beets
A
FOOD STORAGE
3
Q
TURNIPS
A
FOOD STORAGE
4
Q
SWEET POTATOES
A
FOOD STORAGE
5
Q
YAMS
A
FOOD STORAGE
6
Q
HEMLOCKS
A
FOOD STORAGE
7
Q
RADISH
A
FOOD STORAGE
8
Q
PUMPKIN
A
WATER STORAGE
9
Q
MANROOTS
A
WATER STORAGE
10
Q
CALABAZILLA
A
WATER STORAGE
11
Q
WATERMELON
A
WATER STORAGE
12
Q
Cherries
A
PROPAGATIVE
13
Q
Apple
A
Propagative
14
Q
Pear
A
Propagative
15
Q
Rice paper
A
Propagative
16
Q
Tree of heaven
A
Propagative
17
Q
Weeds
A
Propagative
18
Q
Canada thistle
A
Propagative
19
Q
Horseradish
A
Peopagative
20
Q
Mangrove trees
A
Pneumatophores
21
Q
Bald cypress
A
Pneumatophores
22
Q
Orchids
A
Aerial
23
Q
Ivies
A
Aerial
24
Q
Corn
A
Aerial
25
Lily
Contractile
26
Hyacinth
Contractile
27
Fig tree
Buttress
28
Tropicak trees
Buttress
29
Mistletoe
Parasitic
30
Orchids
Parasitic
31
Peanuts
Symbiotic
32
Pea
Symbiotic
33
Beans
Symbiotic
34
Legumes
SYMBIOTIC
35
Layer formed by hypae
Ectotrophic
36
Hypae invades the cell; mantle absent
Endotrophic
37
Primary growth
Apical meristem
38
Secondary growth
Lateral Meristem
39
Lateral meristem include:
Vascular cambium & Cork cambium
40
Vascular cambium produces:
Secobdary xylem & secondary phloem
41
Cork cambium produces:
Cork cells (contains suberin) & cork parenchyma (phelloderm)
42
The cork cambium & the tissues it produces are called
Periderm (outer bark)
43
Lenticels
Openings that allow the interior cells to exchange gases w/ the outside atmosphere
44
Vascular bundles arranged in a circle; distinct pith & cortex
Herbaceous DICOT stem
45
Stele is split into a no. of vascular bundles (D/M Stem)
Monocot stems
46
spaces between the bundles in monocot
Interfasicular
47
Space within the vascular bundle
Fasicular Vascular cambium
48
Lacks vascular cambium and cork cambium; do not produce true botanical woods (DICOT OR MONOCOT
Monocot
49
One year's growth of xylem
Annual ring
50
Younger wood, lighter in color
Sapwood0
51
Brownish red, center of trunk
Heart wood
52
All tissues outside the cambium
Bark
53
Consisting of primary & secondary phloem
Inner
54
Consisting of cork tissues & cambium
Outer bark (periderm)
55
Resemble vessels, form extensive branched networks of latex-secreting cells
Lacticifers
56
Ginger
Rhizomes
57
Strawberry
Runners
58
Similar to runners;beneath, not hori
Stolons
59
Grapes
Stem tendrils
60
Colocasia
Corms
61
Cactus
Cladophylls
62
Sweet potatoes
Tubers
63
Carrots
Food storage
64
Garlic
Bulbs
65
Lily
Bulbs
66
Onion
Bulb
67
Tulips
Turnucate, bulbs
68
Daffodils
Turnicate (papery) bulb
69
Cover the terminal bud and protect its delicate tip during dormancy
Bud scales
70
Axillary buds develop above the ___
Leaf scars
71
Responsible for the initiation of new leaves and buds
SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM (SAM)
72
All leaves originate as ___
Primordia
73
3 primary meristems
- PROTODERM
- GROUND MERISTEM
- PROCAMBIUM
74
Gives rise to epidermis
PROTODERM
75
Produces water conducting primary xylem and primary phloem cells
Procambium
76
Produces 2 tissues composed of parenchyma cells known as pith & cortex
Ground meristem
77
Functions of pith & cortex
Storing food & manufacturing it
78
5 tissues produced by the apical meristem complex
epidermis, primary xylem, primary phloem, pith & cortex
79
Stem incfeasing in length
Primary tissues
80
Length fo plant
Primary growth
81
Girth Increase
Secondary growth& lateral meristem
82
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Rhizobium bacteria
83
3 PRIMADY TISSUES OF A CELL
Epidermis, cortex & Vascular cylinder
84
2 reasons why osmosis occurs?
- Higher concentration in the soil than within the epidermal cells
- Membrane of the epidermal cells is permeable to water
85
What forms bciz of the 2 conditions in osmosis
Osmotic gradient
86
The flow in osmotic gradient that causes the water to drive through the roots.
ROOT PRESSURE
87
4 MAIN function of stem
- Support
- Conduction
- Growth
- Storage
88
Bud at the tip of the stem
Terminal bud
89
Bud found in the axil, also termed as lateral bud
Axillary bud
90
A waxy layer in epidermal cells that reduces water loss from exterior walls.
CUTIN
91
leaf's exposed upper epidermis has a THICKER CUTICLE than the shaded lower epudermis
TRIVIA ONLY
92
Leaf opening in the mesophyll layer, functions for gas exchange
STOMATA
93
Only epidermal cells w/ chloroplast
GUARD CELLS
94
Main site of photosynthesis in the leaf
PALISADE MESOPHYLL
95
Mesophyll layer whose primary function is to allow diffusion of gases
Spongy mesophyll
96
VEINS CONTAIN XYLEM AND PHLOEM
trivia
97
BLADE
Lamina
98
Parallel venation
Monocots
99
Net-like/ distinct network of veins (D/M)
Dicot
100
EPIDERMIS LACKS CHLOROPLAST
TRUE
101
Epidermal cells facing toward the outside enviro
Thicker than cell facing in ward
102
large thin walled cells located at the upper epidermis
Bulliform cells (fikds inward during drought)
103
3 Function of leafs (PGS)
• Photosynthesis
• Gas exchange
• Storage of food
104
Simple leaf
Simple blade
105
Compound leaf
Divided by leaflets
106
Leaves whose leaflets are attached at the same point at the end of the petiole
Palmately compound
107
Leaves whose leaflets are in pairs sa gilid; Extension of petiole = rachis
Pinnately compound
108
Arrangement of leaves in a stem
Phyllotaxy
109
Plant that have only 1 leaf per node are either
Alternate/spiral
110
3 venation patterns
Reticulated, parallel, dichotomous
111
Type of venation that are arranged in net-like pattern interconnected like the strands of a net; most common venation pattern for dicot plants.
Compound/reticulated
112
Loss of water vapor in aerial plant through stomata openings
Transpiration
113
The process of absorbing energy from sunlight and using it to produce food in the form of sugar
Photosynthesis
114
Secretion of droplets of water from the pores of a plant called hydathodes
Guttation
115
(modified leaves)
- Larger counterpart
- Thinner mesophyll
- No many hair
Shade leaves
116
Thick, leathery leaves, fewer stomata
Leaved of arid region (cactus)
117
Less xylem, not differentiated mesophyll into palisade and spongy
Leaves in aquatic areas
118
Climbing/support weak setm
Tendrills
119
Less loss of water; leaf tissues replaced with schlerenchyma
Spines
120
Mataba na spine
Prickles
121
Mapayat na mahaba na spine
Thorns
122
Outgrowths from the epidermis/cortex
Spine
123
Succulent leaves; parenchyma cells w/ large vacoules
Storage leaves
124
Mass of tightly packed, transparent water storage cells
Window leaves
125
Plant with pouches
Flower pot leaves
126
Tiny plantlet among leaf margins, walking fern, new leaf at leaf tips
Reproductive leaves
127
No petal but brightly colored functionas petals in attracting pollinators (barct)
Floral leaves
128
Passive trap; have nectar sectreting glands
Pitcher plant (Serracenia)
129
Mechanically/active trap insects; leaves covered with grandular hair
Sundews (drosera)
130
Active trap; 2 halves of the blade have the appearance of beaing hati along the midrib
Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula)
131
Found in margins of lakes and streams, have finely dissected leaves with tiny bladders
Bladderworts (utricularia)
132
Flowers can be used in:
Identification of specieb& determination of evolutionary relationships.
133
Female reproductive organ of flower; consisting of ovary, stigma, style.
Carpel
134
Male reproductive organ of flower
Stamen
135
calyx + corolla
Perianth
136
Petals
Corolla
137
Sepals
Calyx
138
Termed as Gynoecium
CARPEL
139
Termed as Androecium
STAMEN
140
Collect & receive the pollen
Stigma
141
Slender tube that connects stigma to ovary; pathawy of pollen
style
142
Contains and protects the ovules
Ovary
143
What part develops into fruits?
Ovary
144
Structure that contains sperm cell
Pollen
145
Where pollen grains develop; found at the top of the filament
Anther
146
Supports the anther
Filament
147
Contains eggs for fertilization
Ovules
148
Outermost whorl; calyx
Sepals
149
Inner whorl; corolla
Petal
150
Dicot flower
Flower parts multiple of 4 and 5
151
Monocot flower
Flower parts in multiples of 3
152
Vascular cambium & cork cambium present
Dicot
153
Vasxular cambium and cork cambium absent
Monocot
154
Vascular bundles of stem in ring
Dicot
155
Vascular bundles of stem is scattered
Monocot
156
Pollen grains with 3 apertyres
Dicot
157
Pollen grains with 1 apeerures
Monocot
158
Simple pistil
unicarpellate
159
Compound pistil
Syncarpous
160
Un-united pistil
Apocarpous
161
Complete flower
Having petals, sepal, pistil, stamens
162
If a flower lacking one or more of these whorls
Inc
163
Movement of pollen from the anthers to the stigma
Pollination
164
Group/cluster of flowers
Inflorescence
165
Reproductive portion of a flower that bears a cluster of flowera
Inflorescence
166
Shrinkage of cytoplasm as a result of osmosis
Plasmosis
167
Part where ovule was attached to ovary wall
Hilum
168
Next to the hilum; pore where water is absorbed
Micropyle
169
Where cotyledon si attached
Embeyo
170
Short part of the stem above the cotyledon ABOVE- E
Epicotyl
171
Below the attachment
Hypocotyl
172
Tip that will develop into root
Radicle
173
Growth while seeds/ flowers are there; phenomenon of giving birth to young organism in advanced stage of development; occurs in mammals and mangrove plants
VIVIPARY
174
1 pistil, same flower
Simple fruit
175
More than 1 pistil, same flower
Aggregate
176
Inflorescence (madami/more than 1 pistil), diff. flower
Multiple fruits
177
Movement of molecule/ion from higher to lower concentration ( slide)
Diffusion
178
Molecules that are moving along the region of higher to lower concentration (hagdan)
Diffusion gradient
179
Semi-permeable
Diffuses at diff. rates
180
Diffusion of matter through a semi permeable membrane from a more concentrated region to low concentrated region
OSMOSIS
181
water absroption; Attraction & adhesion of water to internal; results in swelling first step
Imbibition
182
Water rises bcoz of.. (cohesion-tension theory)
Adhesion of water, cohesion & tension created by tranpiration
183
POLLINATION --- FERTILIZATION (FUSION)--- CREATION OF ZYGOTE
TRIVIA
184
Vegatative part of a plant include
roots, stems, shoot buds and leaves.
185
Reproductive part produces
Seeds
186
SEEDS contain the
Genetic information to produce new plant
187
Have no flowers & fruits and have unconclosed or "naked" seeds on the surface of a leaf
Gymnosperms
188
There is only one outer layering of the seed coat (Divot or monocot)
Monocot
189
The seed coat is membranous and generally fused with the fruit wall (D or M seed)
MONOCOT
190
The endosperm is bulky & stores food (D/M)
M seed
191
The outer covering of endosperm seperates the embryo by a proteinous layer called
Aleurone layer
192
This is one large shield-shaped cotyledon (M have this)
Scutellum
193
The embryo is small and situated in a groove at one end of the endosperm
Embryo; M
194
Plumule & raducle are the 2 ends
M; embryonal axis
195
What do u call the 2 layers of dicot seed coat
Outer testa & inner tegmen
196
Consist of embryonal axis & 2 cotyledon
Embryo
197
Seed leaf; fleshy & full of reserve food material
Cotyledons
198
Part of fruit containing the various covering of the fruit and the seed
Pericarp
199
Part of fruit formed from the outer layer of the epidermis
Exocarp
200
A fruit developed solely from the ovary and its content
True fruit
201
A fruit developed from the ovary and its content + receptacle, petals & sepals
Accesory fruit
202
Apple (True or accesory)
Accessory
203
Pinepapple (T/A)
A
204
Strawberry (T/A)
205
Beans
Simple, dehiscent, dry, legume
206
Pea
Simple, dry, dehiscent, legume
207
Columbine
Simple, DD, Follicle
208
Eucalyptus
Simple, DD, Capsule
209
Cotton
Simple, DD, Capsule
210
Horse chestnut
Simple, DD, capsule
211
Jimson
Simple dd, Capsule
212
Mustad
Simple, DD, silique
213
Indehiscent
Does not open its seed when mature
214
Dandelion
Simple, ID, Achene, Contractile, FOOD storage
215
Sunflower
Simple, Achene, ID
216
Chestnut
Simple, ID, Nut
217
Hazel
Simple, Id, nut
218
Maple
Simple, ID, Samara
219
Wheat
Simple, ID, Grain
220
Corn
Simple, ID, grain, Aerial
221
Mallow
Simple, ID, Schizocarp
222
Carrot
Simple, ID, schizocarp
223
Dill
Simple, ID schizocarp
224
Cherry
Simple, drupe
225
Coconut
Simple, drupe
226
Coconut
Drupe
227
Walnut
Drupe
228
Grape
Berry
229
Banana
berry
230
Lemon
Beery, hespiridium
231
Watermelon (type of fruit)
Berry, pepo
232
Squash
Berry, pepo
233
Apple, pear, mounrain ash
Pome, fleshy
234
Rasberry, strawberrt
Aggregate
235
Mulberrt, fig
Multiple fruit
236
3 basic parts of seed
Embryo, endosperm, seed coat
237
Process by which a dormant seed begins to sprout & grow into a seedling under the right growing condition
Germination
238
Artificially cracking the seedcoat to break dormancy
Scarification
239
3 parts of Germination process
1. Hydration/imbibition
2. Breaking dormancy
3. Enzyme activation
240
5 Germination process
1. Imbibition
2. Respiration
3. Effect of light on seed germination
4. Mobilization of reserves during germination & role of growth regulators
5. Development of embryo axis into seedling
241
2 Internal factors affecting seed germination
Maturity of embryo, presence/ absence of chemical inhibitors
242
3 External factors affecting seed germination
Oxygen, water, temperature
243
The general process by which organisms oxidize organic molecules (sugar) and deruve energy (ATP) from the molecular bonds that are broken
Respiration
