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Flashcards in LECTURE IV Deck (22)
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1
Q

this concept requires reasonably good health and that all people value health

A

the Good life

2
Q

what is the main cause for the health care crisis?

A

cost

3
Q

what is maldistribution of access?

A

poor can’t afford healthcare and rural areas do not have access to healthcare, with also the rise in the number of specialist and lack of GPs complicates access even for those in urban areas with money

4
Q

what are the two types of distributive justice?

A

formal justice and material justice

5
Q

what is this type of justice?

equals must be treated equally and unequals must be treated unequally

any criteria could be used: age, sex, marital status, land ownership

A

formal justice

6
Q

what type of justice is this?

principles that specify relevant characteristics or determine morally relevant criteria with regard to treatment

nonmedical example: any exception to a rule on the basis of a morally or practically relevant circumstance

medical example: determining who qualifies for a transplant based on viability, prognosis, lifestyle

A

material justice

7
Q

this rule is the one in which no persons should be granted social benefits on the basis of underserved advantage and no persons should be denied social benefits on the basis of underserved disadvantages

under this rule, no one should be denied on the basis of sex, race, IQ, national origin, sexual preference, or social status

A

Fair Opportunity Rule

8
Q

healthiest state in the US?

A

Utah

9
Q

unhealthiest state in the US?

A

Nevada

10
Q

what are the three theories of justice?

A

egalitarian theory
utilitarian theory
libertarian theory

11
Q

what is this theory of justice?

emphasis on equal access to goods and services

A

egalitarian theory

12
Q

what is this theory of justice?

emphasis on “the greatest good for the greatest number”

A

utilitarian theory

13
Q

what is this theory of justice?

emphasis is on personal rights to social and economic liberty

the free market approach is largely what we currently have, hinging on ability to pay

idea is to have the gov’t out of the way and let the market work

A

libertarian theory

14
Q

this is the idea that you wouldn’t expend so many dollars at the end of someone’s life and would anticipate death somewhere between 78 and 82 years of age

note: 30% of medicare dollars are spent in the last year of someone’s life

A

Natural life span argument

15
Q

what are Callahans Principles for Practice of NLS approach?

A

after a person has lived out a normal life span, medical care should no longer be oriented to resisting death

medical care following NLS would be limited to relief of suffering

the existence of technologies capable of extending life beyond a NLS creates no technological imperative for its use

16
Q

the for plans that coordinate care through a primary physician?

A

managed care

17
Q

what managed care plan is this?

patients must stay within the network to get reduced rates; less coverage of out of network services

doctors agree to a discounted fee in return for being listed in the PPOs provider network?

A

preferred provider organization (PPO)

18
Q

what managed care plan is this?

similar to PPO, but with more restrictions for out of network services (no coverage)

A

exclusive provider organizations (EPO)

19
Q

what managed care plan is this?

set monthly premium for every patent enrolled
care is coordinated through primary physician
small fee for office visit

A

health maintenance organization (HMO)

20
Q

what managed care plan is this?

HMO contracts with network of doctors to provide service at a discount

incentives such as bonuses or penalties for cost control goals met or not met

A

individual physician association (IPA)

21
Q

what managed care plan is this?

hospital or clinic based HMOs, doctors are salaried and work only with HMO enrollees (Kaiser Permanente hospitals are like this)

A

staff model HMO

22
Q

AMA concerns about managed care prompted these guidelines?

A

duty of patient advocacy
when care plans restrict treatment options, alternatives are possible
physicians should not enter into plans that offer financial incentives to limit care
physicians should encourage both that patients be aware of the benefits and limitations of their healthcare coverage and exercise autonomy