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Lecture Material Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What are six drug dosage forms/packaging?

A

Ampules, Vials, Prefilled Syringe, Bristojet, Act-o-Vial, Carpujet

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2
Q

What are the “6 Rights” of medication administration?

A 
Right patient?
Right drug?
Right route?
Right dose?
Right time?
Right documentation?
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3
Q

What are five sympathetic receptors?

A

Alpha1, Alpha2, Beta1, Beta2, Dopamine

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4
Q

How do you convert kilograms to pounds?

Example: How many lbs is 220kg?

A

Divide weight by 2, then subtract 10% -or- divide by 2.2

Example answer = 100lbs

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5
Q

What do the abbreviations DD, V, DH, and gtts stand for?

A

Desired Dose, Volume, Dose on Hand, and Drip Rate

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6
Q

What is the single dose equation?

A

DD x V/DH

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7
Q

When deciding what treatment to use first for a critical patient, what rule should you remember?

A

Always treat SHOCK first.

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8
Q

What are 3 questions for the cause of shock?

A
  1. Is it a pump problem?
  2. Is it a rate problem?
  3. Is it a volume problem?
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9
Q

Which drugs do we use to slow the heart rate?

A

Lidocaine, Amiodarone, Adenosine, Cardizem, Verapamil

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10
Q

What is the difference between Lidocaine, Amiodarone and Adenosine, Cardizem, Verapamil?

A

Lidocaine, Amiodarone are ventricular anti-dysrhythmics. Adenosine, Cardizem, and Verapamil are atrial irrators.
NOTE: Amiodarone is both.

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11
Q

How is Lidocaine administered?

A

Bolus followed by a maintenance infusion.

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12
Q

How is Amiodarone administered?

A

Pulseless: Bolus 300mg IV push
Pulse: 150mg IV push
No maintenance infusion needed.

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13
Q

What is special about Adenosine and its administration?

A

Its half-life is about 7 seconds, therefore you must give through IV access at the AC or higher.

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14
Q

When is Calcium Chloride given?

A

Overdose of calcium channel blockers (cardizem,verapamil) is suspected.

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15
Q

How is a drug given if the patient is pulseless and why?

A

Bolus
To get drug’s max effect and since the patient will have little to no circulation, the drug must reach the patients core.

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16
Q

What is the conversion of micrograms to milligrams?

A

1000mcg = 1mg

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17
Q

What is the conversion of milligrams to grams?

A

1000mg = 1g

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18
Q

What are the equivalents of the Lidocaine/Epi clock?

A

1mg=15gtts; 2mg=30gtts; 3mg=45gtts; 4mg=60gtts

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19
Q

What is the Dopamine rule?

Example: 250lbs

Study These Flashcards
A

10% Rule
Take a patients weight in lbs and figure 10%. That is the gtts.

Example answer = (250lbs) = 25/gtts

20
Q

How is a Dopamine infusion mixed?

Study These Flashcards
A

400mg/250mL or 800mg/500mL

Resulting Concentration=1600mcg/mL

21
Q

How is a Lidocaine infusion mixed?

Study These Flashcards
A

1g in 250mL or 2g in 500mL

Resulting Concentration= 4mg/mL

22
Q

How is an Epinephrine infusion mixed?

Study These Flashcards
A

1mg 1:1,000 in 250mL or 2mg 1:1,000 in 500mL

Resulting Concentration: 4mcg/mL

23
Q

What is the short-cut for Dopamine?

Study These Flashcards
A

(Pt. weight in kg x DD)/25

24
Q

What is the 10% rule for Dopamine?

Study These Flashcards
A

10% of pts weight in lbs will equal 5mcg/kg/min

25
Which act established the 5 schedules of substances based on their accepted medical use in the US, abuse protential, and potential for addiction?
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970
26
Schedule I drugs?
Heroin, peyote, marijuana, LSD
27
Schedule II drugs?
Morphine, meperidine, codeine, oxycodone, methadone, pentobarbital, amphetamines, cocaine, opium, methylphenidate (Ritalin)
28
Schedule III drugs?
Anabolic steroids, hydrocodone with acetaminophen (Vicodin), codeine with acetaminophen (Tylenol 3)
29
Schedule IV drugs?
Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam), phenobarbital, chloral hydrate
30
Schedule V drugs?
Cough medications or antidiarrhea
31
Schedule I medical use, abuse potential, and potential for addiction?
Medical Use: None Abuse Potential: High Potential for Addiction: Severe Dependence
32
Schedule II medical use, abuse potential, and potential for addiction?
Medical Use: Yes Abuse Potential: High Potential for Addiction: Severe Dependence
33
Schedule III medical use, abuse potential, and potential for addiction?
Medical Use: Yes Abuse Potential: Less than I & II Potential for Addiction: Moderate to Low
34
Schedule IV medical use, abuse potential, and potential for addiction?
Medical Use: Yes Abuse Potential: Less than III Potential for Addiction: Limited
35
Schedule V medical use, abuse potential, and potential for addiction?
Medical Use: Yes Abuse Potential: Low Potential for Addiction: Limited
36
Name 5 sources of drugs?
``` 1- Plants 2- Animals or Humans 3- Minerals 4- Chemical substances (synthetic) 5- Recombinant DNA tech (genetic eng) ```
37
Why is it important to know what medications a patient is taking?
To ensure safe medication administration
38
What is the best course of action if you have doubt about the administration of a particular medication?
Contact medical control
39
What is the adrenergic (sympathetic) neurotransmitter?
Norepinephrine
40
What is the cholinergic (parasympathetic) neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
41
Norepinephrine has the greatest affinity towards which receptor sites?
Alpha1, Alpha2, and Beta1
42
What are the needle size, degree of entry, and volume limits for a subcutaneous injection?
25-28 gauge; 1/2 to 5/8" length 45 degrees <2mL
43
What are the needle size, degree of entry, and volume limits for an intramuscular injection?
21 gauge; 1-2" length 90 degrees <5mL
44
What are the 4 entral medication routes?
Sublingual Rectal Nasogastric Oral
45
What are the 5 parenteral medication routes?
``` IV, intraosseous, intracardiac Tracheal, inhalation, intralingual, intranasal IM, topical Subcutaneous Intradermal ```
46
What are 10 local complications involved in IV access?
Pain & irritation; Cellulitis; Phlebitis; Thrombosis; Bleeding; Hematoma; Venous Spasm; Inadvertent arterial puncture; Nerve, tendon, ligament, and/or limb damage; Infiltration & extravasation
47
What are the needle size, degree of entry, and volume limits for an intravenous cannulation?
10-24 gauge (most commonly 18-20) | 15-30 degrees

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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